Differences in the tolerance of metribuzin by varieties of soybeans

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4/f)-one] has shown promise for weed control in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean), but at rates effective for preemergence weed control soybean tolerance has been narrow and field observations indicated that varieties of soybeans differed in their tolerance. Treatments of 0.0,0.56,1,12 and 1,68 kg/ha an location in the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Limestone Valley-area of Georgia indicated that the soybean variety ‘Coker 102’ was Meterially more susceptible to metribuzin injury than were ‘Hardee’, ‘Bragg’, ‘Bienville’, ‘Hampton 266 A’, or ‘Coker 318’. The injury caused smaller soybean stands, heights, and yields. These results confirmed previous observations from field trials using this herbicide. Différences de sensibilités variétales chez le soja vis-à-vis de la métribuzine La métribuzine [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(méthylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one] a donné des résultats prometteurs pour le Désherbage du soja Glycine max (L.) Merr. Aux doses efficacies pour le désherbage en prélevée, la résistance du soja a étéétroite et les observations faites au champ ont mis en évidence des difféarences de sensibilité entre les variétés de soja. Des traitements à raison de 0,0, 0,56, 1,12 et 1,68 kg/ha à des emplacements situfés dans les régions suivantes: Coastal Plain, Piedmont et Limestone Valley, dans l'éatat de Georgie, ont montré que la variété de soja ‘Coker 102’était notablement plus sensible à la métribuzine que les varietés ‘Hardee’, ‘Bragg’, ‘Bienville’, ‘Hampton 266 A’ ou ‘Cocker 318′. Les dégâts se traduisirent par une réduction de Ia vigueur, de lataille et du rendement. Ces résultats confirment les observations antérieures dans des essais au cham pavec cet herbicide. Unterschiede in der Toleranz von Metribuzin gegenüber Sojabohnensorten [4-Amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] ist ein aussichtsreiches Herbizid für die Unkrautbekämpfung in Glycine max. (L.) Merr. (Sojabohne). Bei wirksamen Aufwandraengen im Vorauflaufverfahren war die Sojabohnentoleranz wenig ausgeprägt und Feldbeobachtungen zeigten, dass Sojabohnensorten unterschiedlich tolerant sind. Behandlungen mit 0,0, 0,56, 1,12 und 1,68 kg/ha an Standorten in der Coastal Plain, Piedmont und der Limestone Valley-Gegend in Georgia zeigten, dass die Sojabohnensorte ‘Coker 102’ erheblich empfindlicher gegenuber Metribuzinschaden war als ‘Hardee’, ‘Bragg’, ‘Bleinville’, ‘Hampton 266 A’ oder ‘Coker 318′. Der Schaden äusserte sich in geringeren Bestandesdichten, Pflanzenhöhen und niedrigeren Erträgen. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen die schon früher mit diesem Herbizid gemachten Beobachtungen in Freilandversuchen.     

Measured and computed concentration patterns of propyzamide in field soils

The persistence of propyzamide in soil was studied by analysing soil samples taken at intervals two or three times after application in the spring to experimental fields. Single samples were taken from other fields. 8 to 12 months after autumn application. The concentrations were measured by electron-capture gas chromatography. Persistence is expressed in first-order dissipation rate constants and half-life values. Data were measured and collected on the adsorption of propyzamide on soils, the soil characteristics and the weather conditions. Computations of the mobility of propyzamide in soil were carried out for simplified systems. Results of measurements and computations are compared.     

Photosynthetic inhibition in Phaseolus vulgaris II. The influence of light on herbicidal action

The influence of pre-treatment and post-treatment illumination upon the herbicidal effect produced in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Berna by simeton, diuron, diquat and ioxynil was examined. The increased effect noted at lower pre-treatment and higher post-treatment levels of illumination was correlated with increased inhibition of net photosynthesis. This increased effect was ascribed to enhanced photo-oxidation.     

THE EFFECT OF SHOOLY LARVAE (DIPTERA) ON GRASS YIELD

Elimination of shooly larvae increased grass yields daring the September feeding period. Increases were usually less than 10% bat in one case, where growth was abnormally slow, die increase was over 30% and in another, where the larval population was atypically dense, it was almost 60%. The effects of damage were not cumulative daring the feeding period; and at the end of this period insecticidreated plots sometimes gave lower yields than untreated plots. Fertilizer increases had a much greater effect on yield than did control of larvae and, where N was applied at 75 kg/ha (67 lb/ac) in spring, the additional effect of larval control was usually negligible. It is suggested that shoot-fly damage may be more serious in other localities. When turf containing shoot-fly larvae was ploughed, Oscinella spp. re-established themselves more successfully than others in seedling ryegrass bat did not damage the new sward appreciably.     

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GRAZING ROTATIONS ON PASTURE PRODUCTION

Different grazing treatments applied to pastures in which perennial ryegrass was dominant had little influence on DM production during the main reproductive growth period in late spring and early summer. Lax and infrequent grazing at this time did, however, reduce tiller density. During the dry summer period lax infrequent grazing increased production by 20%, while in the vegetative growth period in autumn those pastures which were alternately lax- and hard-grazed outyielded those which were hard grazed by 63%. In all treatments, initial recovery growth resulted almost exclusively from the production of leaf tissue. The rate of leaf growth declined three to five weeks after grazing, depending on treatment and season, and subsequent yield increase was dominated by sheath and stem growth.     

Aperçu économique de la protection phytosanitaire des vergers français soumis à la lutte intégrée 1)

La mise en place d'une vaste demonstration de lutte intégrée en vergers dans le sud-est de la France bénéficie de l'appui financier du Ministère de l'Agriculture depuis 1967. Les structures organiques de cette action sont décrites. L'activité des techniciens spécialisés qui fournissent un appui logistique au second degré auprès des conseillers agricoles et des producteurs de fruits, tout en restant en liaison constante avec les centres de recherches et les services d'applkation, est indispensable pour assurer le développement de l'entreprise. Elle a notam-ment stimulé diverses études immédiatement utilisables dans la pratique. Des résultats probants sont obtenus en vergers de pommiers et de pêchers par l'application d'une lutte dite dirigée, qui constitue la phase de transition entre la lutte traditionnelle et la lutte intégrée. lis se traduisent par une diminution de l'ordre de 50 % du nombre des interventions insecticides et acaricides. Les données économiques correspondantes sont présentées et discutées. Outre l'aspect strictement économique, les utilisateurs apprécient la maîtrise que leur confèrent les connaissances écologiques.