Cartilage proteoglycans from normal and osteochondrotic porcine joints.

Modern pigs grow fast but are highly susceptible to degenerative joint abnormalities, including osteochondrosis. Normal and osteochondrotic humeri and femurs were obtained from five normal and ten lame adolescent boars to study cartilage proteoglycans. Histological examination of joints indicated a locally-reduced intensity of proteoglycan staining by safranin-O in lesion areas of cartilage. Cartilage proteoglycans extracted with 4.0 M guanidinium chloride were studied using Sepharose 2B gel chromatography. The proteoglycans from severely osteochondrotic joints were less (P less than 0.05) aggregated and contained a greater (P less than 0.05) proportion of smaller monomers than those from normal joints. Loss or damage of core protein, including its hyaluronic acid-binding regions, may account for the greater proportion of small monomers. The results also indicated that the proportion of hyaluronic acid in the total glycosaminoglycan uronic acid fraction, estimated by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis, was lower (P less than 0.05) for the extracted proteoglycans than for the residual or the whole cartilage proteoglycans in all joints studied.     

疑核在下丘脑外侧区微量注射IL-6调节机体细胞免疫过程中的作用

为探索外源性ＩＬ－６可否通过反馈作用调节机体的免疫反应,选用３～４月龄、体重１．５～２．５ｋｇ的健康青紫蓝家兔,麻醉后固定于脑立体定位仪上。试验组Ⅰ动物（ｎ＝８）在下丘脑外侧区注射２．５ｐｍｏｌ／ＬＩＬ－６２μＬ;试验组Ⅱ动物（ｎ＝５）在疑核处注入２％盐酸利多卡因０．５μＬ后,再在下丘脑外侧区注射２．５ｐｍｏｌ／ＬＩＬ－６２μＬ;对照组动物（ｎ＝４）在下丘脑外侧区注射人工脑脊液２μＬ。分别在注射前及注射后不同时间无菌采血作细胞免疫指标测定。结果：试验组Ⅰ动物的Ｔ细胞百分率和ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化率,在注射ＩＬ－６后６０ｍｉｎ显著升高;试验组Ⅱ动物的Ｔ细胞百分率和ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化率,在注射ＩＬ－６后１２０ｍｉｎ出现显著升高;对照组动物在注射前后无明显变化;由此证明,下丘脑外侧区一定量的ＩＬ－６具有增强机体细胞免疫功能的作用,而这种细胞免疫的调节作用至少有一部分是通过疑核到达免疫系统的。疑核是下丘脑外侧区ＩＬ－６调节机体细胞免疫的通路之一。     

碱茅耐盐性的研究

对碱茅不同生育期的耐盐性试验表明：碱茅成株的耐盐性强，种子和苗期的耐盐性低。种子对硫酸盐土混合盐、碳酸钠单盐和氯化钠单盐室内萌发的耐盐度分别是（溶液浓度）３．４７％、１．０８％、１．５８％。种子出苗期适宜的土壤盐渍度为１．７１２％，临界盐渍度为３．１０％。苗期以后耐盐性逐渐提高，可在２．４７～２．７９％的土壤盐渍度下生长发育正常。成株的耐盐度高达４．２４８％。田间播种碱茅草在０～１０ｃｍ土壤含盐量１．６５％以下时，可以正常出苗。盐分达到１．８５％时，需要加大实际播量，以便全苗。     

有机铬在断奶仔猪生产中应用的研究进展

铬是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,近年来,国内外营养学家展开了大量的研究,尤其在断奶仔猪饲养方面,应用效果较好。作者对有机铬在动物体内吸收、运输及排泄的特点,以及参与糖、脂类及含氮物质代谢的生物学功能进行了介绍;并就其对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗腹泻和免疫功能等方面的影响,以及在断奶仔猪养殖中的应用前景作一综述。     

Effect of cortisol on luteinizing hormone release during sexual behavior in the boar.

The effect of inhibiting the rise in cortisol concentrations that occurs at copulation upon luteinizing hormone release was studied in seven adult boars. Plasma samples were collected for assay of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and cortisol on a control day and before, during and after exposure to an estrous sow. The area under the curve was used to evaluate hormone production and treatment effects were evaluated by a paired Student's t-test. The 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, metyrapone, was used to suppress glucocorticoid hormone production. Cortisol concentrations increased significantly (p less than 0.05) after breeding compared to values on the control day while treatment with metyrapone prior to breeding prevented the cortisol increase (p greater than 0.05). Although luteinizing hormone production increased significantly after copulation in both breeding experiments, metyrapone pretreatment resulted in a reduction of luteinizing hormone secretion (p less than 0.05). Testosterone production was also reduced in boars pretreated with metyrapone. The results suggest that the increased levels of cortisol occurring at copulation may enhance luteinizing hormone release in boars.     

酵母培养物对安徽白山羊和波尔山羊生长发育的影响

以安徽白山羊和波尔山羊为试验动物,探讨酵母培养物对其生长发育的影响。结果表明,体重方面,在A组、B组和C组内,试验组比对照组的总增重分别多33.79%、11.76%和18.00%,且A组中试验组总增重和平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);体尺方面,A组中试验组体斜长增长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C组中试验组尻宽增长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A组中试验组体高增长极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);经济效益方面,A组、B组和C组内的试验组比对照组平均每只羊分别多获利15.87、4.14和8.05元。     

Dietary protein concentration affects plasma arteriovenous difference of amino acids across the porcine mammary gland

The objective of this study was to determine whether the porcine mammary gland responds to increasing dietary CP concentration through changes in AA arteriovenous difference (a-v). Sixteen Landrace x Yorkshire lactating sows were provided ad libitum access to one of four isocaloric diets varying in CP concentration (7.8, 13.0, 18.2, and 23.5 %; as-fed basis). Litters were adjusted to 11 pigs within 48 h of birth. Sows were fitted with catheters in the carotid artery and main mammary vein on d 4. On d 10, 14, 18, and 22 of lactation, arterial and venous blood samples were obtained every 30 min over 6 h. Milk yield was estimated on d 11 and 21 using the D2O dilution technique. Final litter sizes on d 21 were 10.3, 11, 9.5, and 11 piglets for sows fed the 7.8, 13.0, 18.2, and 23.5% CP diets, respectively. Piglet ADG tended (P = 0.088) to increase with increasing dietary CP concentration and were 186, 221, 220, and 202 g for sows fed the 7.8, 13.0, 18.2, and 23.5% CP diet, respectively. Daily total milk yield on d 21 (kg milk/d) tended (P = 0.099) to increase, and average milk yield per nursed piglet (kg of milk-pig(-1)d(-1)) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing CP concentration and were, on a per-piglet basis, 0.95, 1.19, 1.14 and 1.13 kg of milk/d for the 7.8, 13.0, 18.2, and 23.5% CP diets, respectively. As dietary CP increased from 7.8 to 23.5%, isoleucine and leucine a-v increased linearly only (linear, P < 0.01); all other AA a-v increased, reached a maximum in sows fed 18.2% CP, and decreased thereafter in sows fed 23.5% CP (quadratic, from P = 0.10 to P < 0.05). Amino acid uptake by the entire udder and by each gland increased (linear, P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP. Arteriovenous differences response to increasing day of lactation varied among AA, from no change for histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and valine, to a linear trend increase for arginine (P = 0.055), leucine (P = 0.064), phenylalanine (P = 0.101), and threonine (P = 0.057). In summary, for the majority of AA, a-v increased with increasing dietary CP concentration from 7.8 to 18.2%, but decreased when CP concentration exceeded 18.2%. In contrast, mammary AA uptake, piglet ADG and milk yield per pig increased linearly with increasing dietary CP, suggesting a coordinated regulation between AA delivery and transport to meet the demand for milk yield.     

Delayed acute capture myopathy in three roe deer

Delayed acute capture myopathy is the term used to describe the clinical syndrome observed in three roe deer captured by drive-nets and transported to an enclosure for scientific purposes. The animals died 48 h, 60 h and 8 days after being captured. The simultaneous deaths coincided with a previous episode of deliberate human disturbance. The histopathological findings were indicative of acute myopathy and myoglobinaemic nephrosis. These could be related to an ataxic myoglobinuric syndrome brought on by capture and transport operations. The lack of clinical signs and negative prognosis indicators in the period between capture and just before death. the absence of gross muscular lesions in the animal that died after 8 days post-capture, the simultaneous deaths of animals captured at different times and the evidence of deliberate human disturbance in the enclosure are suggestive of death triggered by a second stress episode.     

延胡索及其不同配伍镇痛作用研究

延胡索系罂粟科紫堇属多年生草本植物延胡索（Corydalia yanhusuo W．T.Wang）的块茎,《本草纲目》曰：“延胡索能行血中气滞，气中血滞,故专治一身上下诸痛,用之中的,妙不可言，盖延胡索活血化气,第一品药也”，现代药理研究证明延胡索具有较好的镇痛作用,其强度为阿片的1／100。临床上延胡索常与其它药物配伍治疗各种疼痛,血瘀气滞所致疼痛配伍川芎,阳明头痛配伍白芷,风湿痹阻配伍当归。笔者采用热板法和扭体法，观察延胡索、延胡索配伍川芎、延胡索配伍白芷、延胡索配伍当归的镇痛作用,为中医的临床用药提供实验依据。