山东省沂南县动物强制免疫“先打后补”现状分析

2021年,沂南县推进动物疫病强制免疫“先打后补”工作,依托“鲁牧云”信息平台,通过强化组织领导,加强政策宣贯,强化人员培训,放开强免疫苗经营渠道,提供抗体检测无偿服务等措施,提升了养殖场户“先打后补”的积极性、自主性、灵活性,强化了养殖场户动物防疫主体责任,满足了养殖场户疫苗多样化需求。但由于 “先打后补”补助金额少、社会化服务不规范、基层动物防疫体系弱化、缺少配套工作经费等原因,部分养殖场户实施“先打后补”的积极性不高。建议通过规范社会化服务组织,强化培训水平,提高补助标准,强化三级（县乡村）基础设施建设,升级“鲁牧云”等措施,确保“先打后补”政策惠及更多养殖场户。     

产蛋下降综合征（EDS－76）病毒DNA探针的制备及应用研究

用纯化的产蛋下降综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）病毒（Ｈ９１毒株）悬液提取的核酸，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳只出现１条分子量较大、背景清晰的核酸带。用ＢａｍＨＩ酶消化产生４个片段，大小分别为１７ｋｂ、１０ｋｂ、４．０ｋｂ和２．０ｋｂ。将其中的２．０ｋｂ片段克隆进ｐＵＣ１８ＤＮＡ载体中，重组质粒ＤＮＡ用ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ标记作为ＤＮＡ探针，在ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ中该探针不与鹅胚尿囊液核酸抽提物、马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）ＤＮＡ、鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）ＤＮＡ、ＳＰＦ鸡基因组ＤＮＡ等核酸反应，只与３株ＥＤＳ病毒（ＥＤＳ标准毒株ＡＶ－１２７、ＥＤＳＨ９１毒株和从健康鹅体中分离的ＥＤＳＹ８１毒株）ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应。人工感染产蛋母鸡和雏鸡后２４ｈ即可用该探针从泄殖腔棉拭子样品中检测出ＥＤＳ病毒ＤＮＡ，在感染后３５ｈ仍能从部分感染鸡样品中检出。对部分探针检测阳性鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子样品用ＳＰＦ鸡胚分离病毒，并用ＨＡ和ＨＩ试验检测分离病毒的特异性；在感染过程中，同时检测了血清中ＨＩ抗体的消长情况。结果表明，人工感染鸡排毒至少可以维持２个月左右，而且血清中ＨＩ抗体即使很高，也不能阻止感染鸡的排毒。     

两种蔗糖浓度对切割取样鼠胚冷冻解冻效果的研究

小鼠晚期桑椹胚、早期囊胚和扩大囊胚，经切割取样分别采用０．３６５Ｍ和０．２５Ｍ蔗糖浓度进一步细管和分步脱除甘油解冻后体外培养发育率分别为６５．５％、４６．４％和７５．４％，两种浓度间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；分步脱除甘油解冻瑟前者差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与后者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

蛋壳颜色和蛋壳强度与蛋各部位钙含量的关系

本文旨在研究新扬州鸡蛋壳颜色和蛋壳强度与蛋各部位钙含量的关系.方法采用QC-SPA蛋壳强度测定仪、蛋壳颜色测定仪及相关仪器测定相同日龄新扬州鸡鸡蛋的蛋壳强度及蛋壳颜色,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)络合滴定快速测钙法,测定不同颜色鸡蛋的不同部位的钙含量.研究结果表明:随着蛋壳颜色加深,蛋壳和蛋白中钙含量增大,但蛋壳强度随之减小;当蛋壳强度为4000～4500g/cm<'2>时,鸡蛋各部位的钙含量均最大.     

Validation and clinical utility of a novel immunoradiometric assay exclusively for biologically active whole parathyroid hormone in the horse

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a critical role in the regulation of mineral metabolism in mammals. Until recently, the standard method for PTH measurement has been the 2nd generation intact-PTH (I-PTH) assay. Current evidence indicates that the I-PTH assay binds to the PTH molecule and to an inactive N-terminally truncated PTH fragment that tends to accumulate in the blood of uraemic patients. Therefore, a new 3rd generation PTH assay that detects only the whole PTH molecule (W-PTH; cyclase-activating PTH [CAP]) has been developed. OBJECTIVES: To validate this more specific W-PTH assay for measurement of equine PTH and evaluate its clinical utility. METHODS: W-PTH and I-PTH were measured in plasma samples from normal horses (adults and foals) and horses with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (N2HPT) and with chronic renal failure (CRF). Replicate measurements and dilutional paralellism were used for assay validation. Changes in blood ionized calcium were induced by EDTA and CaCl2 administration. RESULTS: Performance of the W-PTH assay (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and ability to detect changes in PTH in response to changes in calcium) was similar to that of the I-PTH assay. Surprisingly, the relative W-PTH concentration in normal horses and foals was higher than the relative I-PTH concentration. W-PTH values remained higher than I-PTH during acute hypo- and hypercalcaemia. An increase in both W-PTH and I-PTH concentrations was found in horses with N2HPT. In horses with CRF, W-PTH and I-PTH values were very low and no increase in I-PTH was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The W-PTH assay can be used for measurement of equine PTH. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The use of W-PTH assay is likely to improve the diagnosis of mineral metabolism in horses.     

Wild ostrich (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Struthio camelus australis</Emphasis>) reproduction in Orbata,a nature reserve in Tunisia

The aim of the current investigation was to determine wild ostrich reproductive behaviour in Orbata Nature Reserve by observing 16 hens and 28 cocks over a seven-year period. Intense laying commenced in January, one month after the cessation of the rainy season, and 92% of the eggs were produced during the dry season (January to May, peaking in March). Over the seven years, 1,322 eggs were laid in 69 nests, which corresponded to an annual average production of 19.2 ± 9.1 eggs/nest and 11.8 eggs/hen. 24 nests (34.78%) were non-brooded, 17 nests (24.64%) were deserted in the course of incubation, and 28 nests (40.58%) possessed hatched eggs. All the non-incubated nests had egg losses equivalent to 46.6 ± 12.6%. Hatchability success of incubated eggs was 41.9 ± 12.0%. Ostriches tended to dig their nests adjacent to the reserve enclosure which had direct access by road and track, the latter subjecting them to human disturbance and predation. The systematic obstruction of these nests stimulated ostriches to build additional nests within the reserve perimeter. The authors discussed the results recorded in an ostrich flock in relation to the environmental factors (climatic factors, food disponibility and predation) and suggested possibilities for improved wildlife management.     

世界各国动物源残留监控体系概况

本文着重介绍了欧盟、美国和澳大利亚的动物源残留监控情况并对2009年的监控报告进行了分析总结。     

Effects of tea saponins on rumen microbiota,rumen fermentation,methane production and growth performance—a review

Reducing methane emission from ruminant animals has implications not only for global environmental protection but also for efficient animal production. Tea saponins (TS) extracted from seeds, leaves or roots of tea plant are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have a lasting antiprotozoal effect, but little effect on the methanogen population in sheep. There was no significant correlation between the protozoa counts and methanogens. The TS decreased methanogen activity. It seems that TS influenced the activity of the methanogens indirectly via the depressed ciliate protozoal population. The TS addition decreased fungal population in the medium containing rumen liquor in in vitro fermentation, but no such effect was observed in the rumen liquor of sheep fed TS. Tea saponins had a minor effect on the pattern of rumen fermentation and hence on nutrient digestion. When added at 3 g/day in diets, TS could improve daily weight gain and feed efficiency in goats. No positive associative effect existed between TS and disodium fumarate or soybean oil on methane suppression. Inclusion of TS in diets may be an effective way for improving feed efficiency in ruminants.     

"美国2004年度饲料企业"的获选理念--追求安全、效率、机会和谋求员工发展

位于新罕布什尔州BOW的Blue Seal Feeds公司当选为“美国2004年度饲料企业”,“安全是一种生活方式”的理念是该企业获选的最主要原因。有63年历史的该企业员工每天工作实行3班制,每周工作6天,产能利用率在90%以上。即使产量和打包数量增加,Blue Seal Feeds公司的整个生产网络在过去5年中事故率为零。而且,Blue Seal Feeds公司在2002年被认定为新罕布什尔州的最安全企业。Blue Seal Feeds公司的厂房是白色钢结构,通过93号州际公路时,您可看见其“feeds and needs”(饲料和需要)零售店。该地区人口稠密,处于波士顿市郊。公司常年对公众…     

Pharmacokinetic studies of levofloxacin after oral administration in healthy and febrile cow calves

The present experiment was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in six healthy cross bred female cow calves (4 to 6 months age) weighing between 40 to 80 kg. Plasma from blood was separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. Quantitative estimation of levofloxacin was done by UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 286 nm. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cp_max ) of levofloxacin in febrile calves (5.28?±?0.32 µg/ml) did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (4.50?±?0.22 µg/ml) after single dose (20 mg/kg) oral administration. The mean therapeutic plasma concentration ( Cp_ther ) of levofloxacin was maintained for longer period in febrile calves (10 h) as compared to healthy calves ( 8 h). The mean maximum urine concentration (Cu_max) in febrile (40.86?±?2.19 µg/ml) also did not differ significantly as compared with healthy calves (39.38?±?2.43 µg/ml). No significant difference in various pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma was observed in healthy calves ( β?=?0.23?±?0.01/h ; t1/2 β?=?3.00?±?0.17 h and MRT?=?4.66?±?0.14 h ) and febrile calves ( β?=?0.23?±?0.01/ h; t1/2 β?=?3.05?±?0.16 h and MRT?=?5.04?±?0.14 h ) . The mean value of β, and t ½ β calculated in urine also did not differ between healthy and febrile calves. However, the value of MRT(3.79?±?0.07 h) and Cl_B(1.65?±?0.09 ml/kg/min) calculated in urine of febrile calves significantly(p?B?=?2.09?±?0.13 ml/kg/min). Based on kinetic profile levofloxacin may be given orally at the dose rate of 1.49 mg/kg B.W.at 8 h intervals in febrile calves.