对《一起未经兽医执业注册从事动物诊疗活动案的查处与思考》的商榷

加强对执业兽医的管理,有助于规范动物诊疗监管秩序和维护公共卫生安全。本文针对一起未经兽医执业注册从事动物诊疗活动案,从执法对象、罚没违法所得的认定以及法律适用等方面进行了辨析,围绕案件处置提出了不同观点。对相关法律条文的实用性和衔接性提出了思考,如法律法规可操作性不强,条款设置存在缺陷,对法律适用的解释不明确等,以期为法律法规的完善及执法实践提供参考。     

湖南省长沙市羊布鲁氏菌病基线调查

为了解湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行现状,对奶羊养殖场(户)和种羊场采用普查策略,对其他羊养殖场(户)采用两阶抽样策略,选择羊群并选定群体中个体,采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测。同时,通过问卷调查和查阅资料等方式,分析布鲁氏菌病感染和传播风险。结果显示:全市羊布鲁氏菌病表观场群流行率为1.54%(95%CI:0.42%~3.91%),表观个体流行率为0.60%(95%CI:0.43%~0.80%);4个阳性群集中分布于长沙县和宁乡县;和以往监测数据相比,长沙市的羊群布鲁氏菌病流行率和人间发病率均呈下降趋势,说明前期的防治策略取得积极成效。总体来说,长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,疫情处于稳定控制状态,因而可以分区域逐步实现全市布鲁氏菌病净化。     

Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.     

Performance evaluation of forest co-management: a case study of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary,Bangladesh

The objective was to evaluate the performance of the co-management of Nishorgo Support Project at Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in Bangladesh. I adopted the Focus Groups Discussion method for opinion survey and applied the SWOTAHP technique for data analysis. Local people did not participate in the decision-making process of forest management and they perceived co-management as a threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, mistrust and misunderstanding among different stakeholders, political and ethical conflicts, lack of property rights of tribal communities, and lack of accountability and transparency were identified as the drawbacks of co-management.     

利用蒸发冷却空调开展控温储粮试验

在拱板式高大平房仓的拱板间安装蒸发冷却空调开展控温储粮技术,解决拱板间的积热,以达到延缓仓内温度和上层粮温上升速度的目的。蒸发冷却空调主要利用水泵抽取水槽内的水,通过分水器均匀分布到特殊纤维制成的湿帘组件上,而大流量轴流风机的转动令仓外空气以极高速度穿过湿帘组件将湿气散发到空间,以增加空气中的湿度,通过正压促使空气流动,从而达到换气降温的效果。试验结果表明,利用低功率蒸发冷却空调,可以有效排除拱板间的积热,实现换气降温、节能、环保、绿色储粮的目的。