浅析生态文明建设中加强环保民间组织建设——以常州市为例

指出了中国已经进入全面建设生态文明的时代,民众参与生态文明建设、环境保护的意识逐渐觉醒,环保民间组织在凝聚民众力量、宣传生态文明理念等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对常州市环保民间组织实地调研,结合常州市环保工作进程,分析了环保民间组织的发展动态和瓶颈,探讨了在生态文明全面建设的背景下,如何加强环保民间组织的建设。     

微波法从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇工艺

研究了微波法提取虎杖中的白藜芦醇,通过正交实验初步确定微波功率、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间4个因素对提取效果的影响并确立最佳的提取工艺条件为：微波功率700W ,乙醇浓度70％,料液比1∶20,微波时间20min。     

小叶杨立木横断面的超声波传播速度

为对立木进行无损检测,探索了超声波在立木内的传播特性及影响因子。以小叶杨(Populus simonii)立木为研究对象,采用针式阻抗仪对30棵样本立木内部缺陷状况进行了初步估计,利用RSM-SYS5超声仪测试了超声波在立木内部的传播速度,分别统计了健康和含缺陷立木内的超声波传播速度,并对缺陷大小与传播速度之间的关系进行了回归分析。分析结果表明:当直径为30～55cm时,超声波在小叶杨健康样本立木中径向传播速度为1000～1616.766m/s,并且绝大多数大于1000m/s;小叶杨立木内部存在缺陷时,超声波径向传播速度均小于1000m/s。立木缺陷对超声波在小叶杨立木内的径向传播速度有较为显著的影响,缺陷大小与径向传播速度呈显著负相关,相关系数R2=0.887。     

木槿花粉活力检测方法筛选

以2个木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)品种花粉为材料,用TTC法和离体萌发法对木槿花粉活力进行了检测.结果表明:木槿花粉活力检测不适合用TTC法;以木槿花粉为外植体,采用蔗糖悬浮溶液为培养基,确定适合木槿花粉萌发的条件为15%蔗糖溶液+15 mg/L硼酸在30℃恒温培养箱中培育0.5 h即开始开始萌发.     

我国蓖麻良种选育研究现状及发展策略

通过分析我国蓖麻当前的良种选育和推广应用的现状和趋势,提出了蓖麻良种选育研究发展的若干策略,为今后我国蓖麻的发展提供参考.     

合理调整我国国民收入分配格局的思考

随着改革开放政策的贯彻实施,我国经济取得了前所未有的发展,人民生活水平也得到了飞速提升。然而,在经济迅速发展的背后,我国经济发展中面临很多突出问题。其中,国民收入不平衡是一个比较严重的问题,居民收入占GDP比重持续下降从而制约了居民消费需求的扩大,并且出现社会财富向少数人聚集的问题,致使居民收入差距不断扩大,贫富悬殊问题日趋严重。应当提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,通过调整国民收入分配格局来扩大消费需求。     

How does tolerance affect urban innovative capacities in China?

This study investigated how urban cultural and economic tolerance affects urban innovative capacities based on China's prefecture‐level cities. Several tolerance indices, including ratios of migrants, rental housing, gay people, and private economies were introduced and the cities’ tolerance scores were measured using factor analysis. The results show that cities with higher cultural and economical tolerant scores were agglomerated in three metropolitan areas in China's southeastern coastal region. The spatial regression model demonstrates that urban cultural and economic tolerance increases urban innovation output and promotes innovation capacities. We also introduced the crime rate as an instrumental variable and found that the effect of tolerance on innovation remains robust. Our study suggests it is important for the Chinese government to establish an open and tolerant environment to attract migrants, creative artists, and entrepreneurs to foster urban vitality and improve urban innovative capacities.     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.