Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

引进优质种公羊进行小畜品种改良的效果试验

[目的]探究用优质种公羊进行小畜品种改良对羊群增重的影响。[方法]从新疆某牧场中任取1 000只2～5岁的生产母羊,随机分成试验组和对照组,再从2组所产羔羊中随机各抽取50只进行对比,于羔羊0、60和120日龄时称重,并记录结果。[结果]试验组羔羊各日龄体重明显优于对照组,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。[结论]引进优质陶赛特种公羊进行小畜品种改良的经济效益十分可观,因此,应大力推广应用优质种公羊进行小畜品种改良,促进养羊业健康快速发展。     

Pig producer attitude towards surgical castration of piglets without anaesthesia versus alternative strategies

A group of 160 Flemish pig farmers (n=160) were surveyed about their attitude towards surgical castration with anaesthesia (SCA) and without (SCN), immunocastration (IC), sperm sexing (SS) and the production of entire males (EM). The farmers' general preference was recorded as SCN>SS>SCA=IC>EM. The farmers' self-reported knowledge of the strategies was associated with their preference for SCA (negatively) and SS (positively). Herd size was correlated with farmers' preference for SCA (negatively) and SS (positively). Farmers perceived surgical castration without anaesthesia as the most favourable strategy in terms of farm profitability, animal performance and effectiveness against boar taint, but they expected the lowest consumer acceptance for this strategy. Surgical castration with anaesthesia was ranked the least favourable in terms of labour conditions. Production of entire males was viewed as the least profitable and the least effective strategy. Sperm sexing was positively perceived, particularly in terms of labour conditions, animal welfare, effectiveness and expected consumer acceptance. The farmers' opinion was quite homogeneous, especially regarding surgical castration without anaesthesia and production of entire males. Increasing our understanding of the farmers' perceptions will hopefully facilitate communication about this intricate issue.     

Chemical Composition and Ruminal Digestibility of Ceratoides,a Salt-tolerant Perennial Plant,at Different Years

It has been proposed that salt-tolerant plant could be used as a feed resource for ruminants whereby salt would be removed from salinized land (Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.(2002) 15:998-1001).Ceratoides arborescens (Losinsk.) Tsien et C.G.Ma is known as a drought-and salt-tolerant plant,a kind of shrubs,growing in semi-arid land of Inner Mongolia.Because the covering effect of the perennial plant as a mulch over the soil might be expected,the optimum covering effect would be obtained after the growth period.The perennial plant produces seeds around summer and end its growth thereafter.Nutrient value of the perennial salt-tolerant plant,however,had not been reported in flowering period at different year.It is necessary to know the ruminal degradability of the plants of each growing year in order to determine the regimen to diet for ruminants.The present experiment,therefore,was undertaken to analyze the digestibility and chemical composition of Ceratoides arborescens as feed for ruminants.     

集约化饲养和饲喂时间对西门塔尔公牛肌内脂肪酸组成的影响

把初重489kg，15月龄左右的72头西门塔尔公牛分成4组来测定集约化饲养和饲喂时间对肌内脂肪酸(FA)组成的影响。4组小公牛(每组18头)喂玉米青贮料和精料，两组集约饲养(I)，两组粗放饲养(E)，结果集约组日增重为1371g(I)，粗放组为943g(E)。饲养100d(S)或138d(L)后每组屠宰一半，测定膘情参数和肌间脂肪酸含量，SE组和LE组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)分别为47．7％和47．5％脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)，SI组都为48．7％FAME；LI组单不饱和脂肪酸显著增加到44．2％FAME，然后SE组、LE组和SI组数据接近，分别为41．9％、42．29／6和42．0?ME；     

疑似碘酊致牛死亡一例

<正> 笔者在临床上曾遇到一疑似"碘酊"致牛死亡病例,由于未曾见过碘酊致牛死亡的报道,查阅料也终未得到答案。笔者将其整理如下,供同行探讨。一头成年奶牛患下颌放线菌肿病,无其他任何异常表现,兽医以5%碘酊进行局部封闭治疗。保定时该牛暴跳挣扎,重重摔倒,头撞在槽檐上。赶使其站立,向患部基部封闭式分点注入5%碘酊15毫升(沈阳农业大学兽药厂生产),大约10秒钟左右,该牛倒下、即刻安静死亡。当时皆怀疑是碘酊误入血管致牛死亡。该牛死亡原因究竟是什么?是否真的是碘酊误入血管致死?笔者始终持怀疑态度。其后在带领学生实习时,有意以犊牛做实验,结果令人感到意外。实验牛20目龄,雄性,健康,当时刚刚做完瘤胃切开术,虽疼痛难忍(未加麻醉),但仍能站立。笔者将5%碘酊(沈阳市兽药厂生产)10毫升注入其颈静脉,结果该犊牛在5分钟内安然无恙,又注入10毫升,结果又经10分钟左右,该犊牛才慢慢倒地,并且在倒地后的15分钟内没有死亡。后因实习需要将其宰杀。碘酊是一种常用的皮肤黏膜消毒防腐药,有刺激性,个别动物对碘酊有过敏现象。《兽药手     

Histofarcin test for the diagnosis of epizootic lymphangitis in Ethiopia: development, optimisation, and validation in the field

Histofarcin, a skin test antigen for the diagnosis of epizootic lymphangitis, was locally produced from the mycelial form of Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (HCF) in disease-endemic districts of Ethiopia and tested for its application in the field between April 2002 and May 2003. The test was evaluated using 108 mules, 84 in endemic and 24 in disease-free districts. Microscopic and mycological examinations of clinical lesions were used as the "gold standard" for the validation of the test. The concentration of histofarcin that caused an optimum reaction was 0.2-0.4 mg/mL in a 0.1 mL dose and this was attained 24-48 h post-injection. The sensitivity and specificity of the histofarcin test were 90.3% (CI = 73.1, 97.5) and 69% (95%, CI = 48.1, 84.9%) in disease-endemic districts. On the other hand, specificity was 100% (CI=94.8, 100) in disease-free districts. Positive and negative predictive values of the histofarcin test were 77.78% (95% CI = 60.4, 89.3) and 85.71% (95% CI = 62.6, 96.2), respectively. A marginal substantial agreement (kappa = 0.61, P = 0.0000) was observed between the clinical status and the result of the histofarcin test. A large proportion (31%) of 'false positives' was recorded in endemic districts, which could be due to the pre-clinical stage of the disease. The latter ended in lower specificity and positive predictive value of the test since the true infection status of a 'false positive' could not be known on the basis of clinical features. Therefore, standard test validation procedures including slaughtering and isolation of HCF is required. After proper validation, we conclude that the histofarcin test could play a significant role in detecting early infection, and differentiating of EL from glanders, ulcerative lymphangitis, and sporotrichosis.