辣椒种质的耐瘠性鉴定初探

针对喀斯特山区农业干旱频发及土壤瘠薄、保水性差的特点,简要概述贵州辣椒种质资源耐瘠性鉴定体系,为今后选育耐瘠能力强、产量高的耐瘠新品种提供技术支撑。     

梭子蟹人工育苗高产技术

<正> 三疣梭子蟹是大型食用蟹类,近几年随着海区自然资源的衰退,人工养殖迅速发展,同时也带动了人工育苗技术的提高。笔者通过几年的实践,总结出一套育苗高产技术措施,现介绍如下。1 育苗设施 利用现有的对虾育苗室进行梭子蟹育苗,水     

异育银鲫苗高密度培育技术

目前,我市异育银鲫推广养殖正在迅速发展,苗种供应远远不能满足生产需要,为此,1990年5月4日,我们在姚江苗种场,进行了高密度培育试验,在面积2.25亩池中一次放入异育银鲫苗100万尾,每亩密度为44.4万尾。经41天的培育,共出夏花86.9万尾,规格2.1—2.7厘米,亩出夏花为38.6万尾,出塘率86.9%,试验效果比较理想。现将主要技术措施介绍如下:     

江西省鲤生物遗传多样性调查和 DNA指纹分析↑（*）

采集样本１０种，经生物学调查和ＤＮＡ指纹分析鉴定为６个品种（品系），其中３个样本是荷包红鲤、另外的５个品种（品系）是兴国红鲤、玻璃红鲤、野鲤、建鲤和锦鲤。它们在形态、生态分布、染色体组型及ＮＯＲｓ、肉质肉量、电泳同工酶、ＰＣＲ、对基因探针的反应等方面具有明显的多态性和差异。ＤＮＡ指纹分析还查明，一种来源不清的鲤是荷包红鲤、南昌的一种所谓兴国红鲤的一种混杂了的鲤。江西鲤较印度尼西亚和菲律宾的鲤遗传多     

Extra small virus-like particles (XSV) and nodavirus associated with whitish muscle disease in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26-27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14-16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus.     

多味烤鱼加工技术

多味烤鱼是以小杂鱼为主要原料，经调味、烘干后的熟食品，其味道鲜美，营养丰富，既可上普通家庭餐桌，又可进高档饭店宾馆。同时通过加工可使低档小杂鱼便于贮运，增值数倍，是一种很有发展前途的鱼类熟食品加工业。五香烤鱼的制作方法如下：     

江永县柑桔产业调研报告

湖南省江永县是全国闻名的“香柚之乡”,其柑桔产业为当地农村经济发展、农民增收致富奔小康发挥了重要作用。2013—2014年湖南省江永县水果办与江永县农业局联合对全县柑桔产业现状进行了调查研究,既肯定了成绩,也指出了问题,并提出了建议。     

A conceptual framework and an empirical test of complementarity and facilitation with respect to phosphorous uptake by plant species mixtures

Plant species have different traits for mobilizing sparingly soluble phosphorus (P) resources, which could potentially lead to overyielding in P uptake by plant species mixtures compared to monocultures due to higher P uptake as a result of resource (P) partitioning and facilitation. However, there is circumstantial evidence at best for overyielding as a result of these mechanisms. Overyielding (the outcome) is easily confused with underlying mechanisms because of unclear definitions. We aimed to define a conceptual framework to separate outcome from underlying mechanisms and test it for facilitation and complementarity with respect to P acquisition by three plant species combinations grown on four soils. Our conceptual framework describes both mechanisms of complementarity and facilitation and outcomes (overyielding of mixtures or no overyielding) depending on the competitive ability of the species to uptake the mobilized P. Millet/chickpea mixtures were grown in pots on two calcareous soils mixed with calcium-bound P (CaP) and phytate P (PhyP). Cabbage/faba bean mixtures were grown on both acid and neutral soils mixed with P-coated iron (hydr)oxide (FeP) and PhyP. Wheat/maize mixtures were grown on all four soils. Rhizosphere carboxylate concentration and acid phosphatase activity (mechanisms) as well as plant P uptake and biomass (outcome) were determined for monocultures rhizosphere and species mixtures. Facilitation of P uptake occurred in millet/chickpea mixtures on one calcareous soil. We found no indications for P acquisition from different P sources, neither in millet/chickpea, nor in cabbage/faba bean mixtures. Cabbage and faba bean on the neutral soil differed in rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and carboxylate concentration, but showed no overyielding. Wheat and maize, with similar root exudates, showed overyielding (the observed P uptake being 22% higher than the expected P uptake) on one calcareous soil. We concluded that although differences in plant physiological traits (root exudates) provide necessary conditions for complementarity and facilitation with respect to P uptake from different P sources, they do not necessarily result in increased P uptake by species mixtures, because of the relative competitive ability of the mixed species.     

浙江省主要养殖区凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）红体病病原研究

对2012—2013年浙江省凡纳滨对虾( L itopenaeus vannamei)主要养殖区的红体病虾进行病原鉴定及其分子特征与耐药性研究,并与2011年的结果进行比较分析.结果表明：通过 Vitek 、16S rRNA 序列分析与病毒特异性聚合酶链反应,2012—2013年在红体病虾中同时检测出副溶血弧菌( V ibrio parahaemolyticus)与传染性皮下和造血组织坏死病毒( infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus , IHHNV ),而2011年在红体病虾中仅检测出副溶血弧菌,未检测出 IHHNV ;3年均未检测出桃拉综合征病毒( Taura syndrome virus , TSV)和白斑综合征病毒( white spot syndrome virus , WSSV ).基于 dnaE‐gyrB‐recA‐dtdS‐pntA‐pyrC‐tnaA 的多位点序列分型结果表明,副溶血弧菌分离株具有较高水平的分子多样性：2011—2013年各年的分离株均分属多个序列型( sequence type ,ST ),来自位于进化树不同亚枝、亲缘关系较远的不同克隆;2012—2013年的分离株经历了较高水平的分子变异,其中 ST918与 ST919为首次报道的副溶血弧菌新 ST ;2011年分离株与2012—2013年分离株的等位基因和序列型特征具有较大差异,ST414与 ST114分别代表2011年与2012—2013年红体病的优势 ST .2011—2013年的副溶血弧菌分离株均属于大流行群,并具有相同的毒力基因谱( tlh＋ tdh－ trh－ T3SS1＋ T3SS2－),tdh与 trh的缺失并未影响细菌的致病力.分离株对抗菌药物尤其是氨基糖苷类的耐药性呈现加重趋势.说明本次凡纳滨对虾红体病可能是多种致病因子共同作用的结果,亟须建立红体病病原监测体系,并探明细菌性病原与病毒性病原混合感染对致病性的影响及其互作机制,以提出综合防控方案.     

兽用止痢、止泻中草药制剂的质量检测及制备(英文)

[目的]制订止痢、止泻兽用中草药制剂的质量检验标准。[方法]分别采用理化鉴别和紫外分光光度计的定性检测对比试验。[结果]蒸馏水法检测的最大吸收峰峰值相差大于1 nm;0.9%盐酸法和60%乙醇法得出最大吸收峰的峰值相差小于1 nm,次吸收峰的峰值差别也均小于1 nm。[结论]选用0.9%盐酸法和60%乙醇法作为兽用止痢、止泻中草药制剂的质量检测标准。