Genetic and environmental parameters for traits derived from the Brody growth curve and their relationships with weaning weight in Angus cattle

Direct and maternal genetic and environmental variances and covariances were estimated for weaning weight and growth and maturing traits derived from the Brody growth curve. Data consisted of field records of weight measurements of 3,044 Angus cows and 29,943 weaning weight records of both sexes. Growth traits included weights and growth rates at 365 and 550 d, respectively. Maturing traits included the age of animals when they reached 65% of mature weight, relative growth rates, and degrees of maturity at 365 and 550 d. Variance and covariance components were estimated by REML from a set of two-trait animal models including weaning weight paired with a growth or maturing trait. Weaning and cow contemporary groups were defined as fixed effects. Random effects for weaning weight included direct genetic, maternal genetic, and permanent environmental effects. For growth and maturing traits, a random direct genetic effect was included in the model. Direct heritability estimates for growth traits ranged from .46 to .52 and for maturing traits from .31 to .34. Direct genetic correlations between weaning weight and weights and growth rates at 365 and 550 d ranged from .56 to .70. Correlations of maternal weaning genetic effects with direct genetic effects on weights at 365 and 550 d were positive, but those with growth rates were negative. Between weaning weight and degrees of maturity at both 365 and 550 d, direct genetic correlation estimates were .55 and maternal genetic correlations estimates were -.05, respectively. Direct genetic correlations of weaning weight with relative growth rates and age at 65% of mature weight ranged from .04 to .06, and maternal-direct genetic correlation estimates ranged from -.50 to -.56, respectively. These estimates indicate that higher genetic capacity for milk production was related to higher body mass and degrees of maturity between 365 and 550 d of age but was negatively related to absolute and relative growth rates in that life stage.     

Canine serum protein patterns using high-resolution electrophoresis (HRE)

Serum protein values were determined in 26 healthy dogs using agarose gel electrophoresis (SPE), splitting the electrophoretic separation into six regions: albumin, alpha(1), alpha(2), beta(1), beta(2)and gamma globulins. High-resolution electrophoresis (HRE) was used to separate single proteins. Serum proteins from dogs (26 healthy and 20 affected by various diseases) were then characterized by electrophoretic immunofixation (IFE) and Sudan black staining on HRE film. Haemoglobin and normal canine plasma and serum were used to identify haptoglobin and fibrinogen, respectively.In the standard pattern, determined by HRE, the following proteins were identified: albumin, alpha(1)-lipoprotein (alpha(1)-region), haptoglobin and alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)-region), beta -lipoprotein and C3 (beta(1)-region), transferrin and IgM (beta(2)-region), IgG (mostly in gamma -region and partly in beta(2)-region). The HRE pattern shown by healthy dogs could be compared with those of dogs affected by various diseases to obtain clinical information.     

Use of an absorbable haemostatic gauze product to control bleeding in 20 horses

The objective of this study was to report our experience with an absorbable haemostatic gauze product in 20 horses with traumatic or surgical haemorrhage. The product is made from oxidised, regenerated cellulose (ORC) and is approved for external use and currently being studied to control internal bleeding in surgical settings in human subjects. Treated horses were from both practice and university settings. Signalment, anatomic location, underlying cause of bleeding and outcome were recorded in the medical record. The size of gauze, approximate time until bleeding stopped, and pre- and post-ORC adjunctive treatments were also recorded. The ORC was used in a variety of anatomic locations, including castration site, foot, flank incisions, distal limb, tooth extraction sites and the perineal region. The bleeding stopped or slowed dramatically within 90 s in 15 of 20 cases. There were no recorded complications in any of the cases. While this clinical report does not attempt to prove efficacy of the product in horses, it does show that this ORC product, which has been approved for use as a haemostatic agent in human subjects, is safe and of practical value, and may be a useful and viable option for the control of haemorrhage in a variety of equine clinical settings.     

The occurrence of Fusarium varieties and their mycotoxins in silo corn. 2. The formation of zearalenone in the field by artificial infection of silo corn with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc

The formation of zearalenone in a maize plot artificially infected with Fusarium culmorum was studied. The zearalenone concentration steeply increased only in the 8th week after inoculation and reached a maximum value of ca. 7 ppm, whereas zearalenone could not be detected in the control variants. The crude nutrient and dry matter content was not significantly influenced by the fungal infection. The infected crop showed average ear dry weights distinctly lower than that of the control variants (P less than or equal to 0.001). Apart from zearalenone, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was qualitatively detected in the infected maize. The toxicological relevance of the ascertained zearalenone content with regard to the health of dairy cattle and pigs was discussed.     

Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in American bison

Eighteen 12-month-old bison were randomly placed in each of 3 groups (6 animals/group): group-1 bison were exposed to live Mycobacterium bovis, group-2 bison were inoculated with killed M bovis in oil, and group-3 bison were noninfected controls. Six, 6-month-old, tuberculin test-negative calves were placed (pen contact) with group-1 bison 30 days after exposure to M bovis. Tuberculin skin test responses (caudal fold and/or comparative cervical) were detected in all bison in groups 1 and 2 at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 12 months. Tuberculin skin test responses were observed in 2 of 6 calves at 9 and 11 months after pen contact with M bovis-exposed bison (group 1). Statistically significant lymphocyte blastogenic responses to M bovis purified protein derivative were detected in group-1 bison exposed to live M bovis at 2 months after exposure (P less than 0.025). Significant ELISA reactions were detected in sera of bison at 2 months after exposure to killed M bovis in oil (P less than 0.005) and in bison 2 months after exposure to live M bovis (P less than 0.01). Significant tuberculin skin responses, ELISA reactions, or lymphocyte blastogenic responses to M bovis purified protein derivative were not observed in the 6 control bison. Grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in lymph nodes and/or lung collected at necropsy in 4 of 6 bison at 12 months after exposure to live M bovis. Microscopic granulomas compatible with tuberculosis were detected in 5 of 6 bison; M bovis was isolated from tissues of each of the 6 bison.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of chemotherapy on semen characteristics of Balami rams infected with Anaplasma ovis

Six intact Balami rams were experimentally infected with Anaplasma ovis. Another six were infected one month after splenectomy and six others served as controls. Clinical manifestations of the disease, first observed between 5 to 7 days post-infection, were more severe and prolonged in the splenectomised-infected than in the intact-infected group. There was progressive deterioration in semen quality, which was also significantly more severe and prolonged in the splenectomised than in the intact-infected rams. Following treatment with long-acting terramycine, clinical recovery occurred earlier in the intact-infected (1–4 weeks) than in the splenectomised-infected group (5–7 weeks). A similar pattern was observed in post-treatment improvement in the spermiogram. However, although the infected animals recovered clinically by 1–7 weeks post-treatment, restoration of the reproductive potential did not occur for 20 to 25 weeks. It appears that stress factors may aggravate the deliterious effects of anaplasmosis.     

Evaluation of 2 sources of Angus cattle under South Florida subtropical conditions

The objective of this study was to compare performance and aspects of adaptability attributes of cattle from a Florida Angus bloodline (local source from a mostly closed herd for over 50 yr) to cattle that are representative of modern Angus bloodlines (outside source) in US subtropical conditions. Embryos from both sources were transferred to Brahman-crossbred cows in South Florida, and calves (n=82) were born in 3 yr. Before weaning, summer tympanic temperatures were recorded hourly for 3 d in each year. Heifers were placed with fertile bulls until diagnosed pregnant. Traits relative to sexual maturation of bulls were recorded at 1- or 2-mo intervals until approximately 17 mo of age. Calves from outside sources had greater hip height at weaning than calves from the local source (P<0.001; 108.8 ± 0.62 and 104.7 ± 0.68 cm, respectively). Local-source calves (n=37) had greater (P=0.03) exit velocity (2.7 ± 0.3 m/s) than outside-source (n=45) calves (2.0 ± 0.29 m/s), which may be indicative of more nervous or temperamental disposition. However, no source differences were detected for other assessments of disposition (chute or pen score, P>0.8). Few source differences for minimum, maximum, or range of daily tympanic (inner ear) temperatures were detected. At 17 mo of age, outside-source heifers were heavier (P = 0.05) and had greater (P<0.001) hip height than Angus heifers from the local source. Heifers from the outside source were younger (P<0.001) at the time of their first conception (454 ± 17.5 d) than heifers from the local source (550 ± 16.9 d). Outside-source heifers also had greater (P<0.02) pregnancy and calving rates (0.7 ± 0.119 and 0.62 ± 0.125, respectively) from exposure to bulls within a year from weaning than the heifers from the local source (0.29 ± 0.089 and 0.19 ± 0.077, respectively). Bulls from the outside source were heavier (P=0.05) at 320 d of age than local-source bulls. From 14 through 17 mo of age, outside-source bulls had greater (P≤0.05) scrotal circumference and tended (P≤0.15) to be heavier than local-source bulls. There appeared to be no performance or adaptation advantages for the local-source Angus through 17 mo of age. The large source difference for age at first conception in heifers merits additional attention and comparison with cow lifetime production performance for the 2 sources.     

A case of a colocolic intussusception in a horse

The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical course and pathological findings in a horse admitted to the emergency service of the University of Georgia Large Animal Teaching Hospital for evaluation of colic, fever and diarrhoea of several days' duration. A presumptive historical diagnosis of colitis was made initially, but, due to the lack of faecal output during the first 12 h of hospitalisation and subsequent examination findings, an impaction of the ascending colon was suspected. Initial therapy consisted of rehydration with oral fluids and management of the abdominal pain with analgesic therapy. The horse did not respond to medical therapy and because of signs of persistent abdominal pain and financial constraints, the owner elected euthanasia after several days of supportive care. At necropsy, the horse was diagnosed with a colocolic intussusception.