甘蔗AFLP分析技术体系的建立

【研究目的】为了建立甘蔗AFLP标记技术体系;【方法】本文通过对甘蔗抗、感黑穗病的杂交亲本CP84-1198和科5,以及根据其杂交后代的浸渍接种田间抗性鉴定结果所构建的抗、感黑穗病池的AFLP银染法分析;【结果】建立了甘蔗黑穗病抗性的AFLP分析实验体系,同时将AFLP-银染技术应用于甘蔗近缘植物斑茅抗旱胁迫及其对照材料的cDNA差别筛选,建立了一种mRNA差别显示技术体系。实验过程中还筛选出了四对能在抗、感亲本上扩增出特异条带的引物,以及一对在斑茅水分胁迫和对照中表现良好差异的引物,为下一步的实验工作的开展奠定了基础。【结论】通过本实验建立了甘蔗AFLP分析技术体系、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的快速银染、凝胶简单保存以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中的特异条带的高效回收技术。     

Hail detection with a differential reflectivity radar

A major objective in the remote sensing of convective storms by radar is the clear and reliable differentiation between regions of hail and regions of rainfall. This report describes the application of the differential reflectivity (Z(DR)) radar technique to the problem of hail detection. The procedure is based on the markedly different polarization-dependent backscatter characteristics of rain and hail. Field experiments conducted in Colorado during the spring of 1983 provide significant evidence of hail detection with this new radar technique.     

球磨机高通量提取甘蔗叶片DNA研究

简便快速地获得高质量、高纯度的DNA模板是进行分子遗传学研究和大批量分子检测的基础。常用的液氮手工研磨提取DNA方法存在着耗时、费力、污染等诸多不足。利用从美国引进的球磨机,根据甘蔗叶片的特点,采用国产钢珠,通过优化实验步骤,建立了一种高通量制备甘蔗叶片DNA的方法,其中,叶片快速研磨使用不锈钢珠的直径为4 mm,对叶片进行液氮预冻,时间为30～45 min,叶片用量为50～100 mg,打磨时间为30～40 s。这种方法缩短了提取DNA的时间,提高了效率,而DNA质量与经典方法相当,能够满足分子生物学研究的需要。     

甘蔗单花粉全基因组扩增(WGA)与SCoT分子标记研究

从一个完整的甘蔗花粉囊中分离出单个花粉粒,利用特制取样器进行收集,采用碱裂解法释放单花粉DNA,裂解液可以直接作为WGA模板进行全基因组扩增,制备出单个花粉粒大量DNA.通过5S rRNA-ITS鉴定WGA产物真实性,并以目标起始密码子多态性标记对真实的WGA产物进行分析,显示出丰富的多态性.利用NTSYSpc软件分析...     

Sequence variations in equine candidate genes For XX and XY inherited disorders of sexual development

Inherited disorders of sexual development (DSD) cause sterility and infertility in horses. Mutations causing such disorders have been identified in other mammals, but there is little information on the molecular causes in horses. While the equine genome sequence has made it possible to identify candidate genes, additional tools are needed to routinely screen them for causative mutations. In this study, we designed a screening panel of polymerase chain reaction primer pairs for 15 equine genes. These are the candidate genes for testicular or ovotesticular XX DSD and XY DSD, the latter of which includes gonadal dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), persistent Mullerian duct syndrome and isolated cryptorchidism. Six horses with testicular or ovotesticular XX DSD and controls were screened. In addition, candidate genes for androgen insensitivity syndrome, persistent Mullerian duct syndrome and isolated cryptorchidism were screened in normal horses. While no sequence variants were uniquely associated with XX DSD, the 38 sequence variants identified can serve as intragenic markers in genome-wide association studies or linkage studies to hasten mutation identification in equine XX DSD and XY DSD.     

Ecology of influenza virus in wild bird populations in Central Asia

The study provides the results of avian influenza virus surveillance in Central Asia during 2003-2009. We have analyzed 2604 samples from wild birds. These samples were collected in Kazakhstan (279), Mongolia (650), and Russia (1675). Isolated viruses from samples collected in Mongolia (13 isolates) and in Russia (4 isolates) were described. Virological analysis has shown that six isolates belong to the H3N6 subtype and five isolates belong to the H4N6 subtype. Two H1N1 influenza viruses, one H10N7 virus, two H3N8 viruses, and an H13N8 virus that is new for Central Asia have been also isolated. Samples were taken from birds of six orders, including several species preferring water and semiaquatic biotopes, one species preferring dry plain regions, and one more species that can inhabit both dry and water biotopes.     

影响根癌农杆菌EHA105感受态细胞转化效率因素的研究

通过对EHA105菌株48h不间断培养观察,绘制出其生长曲线图;同时用不同浓度的CaCl2溶液分别制备根癌农杆菌EHA105的感受态细胞,在转化过程中用不同的温度进行热激处理,统计分析阳性转化子个数,明确了采用冻融法将外源DNA导入农杆菌EHA105时的几个影响因素的参数。结果表明,当0D。值在1．0—1．5之间时,根癌农杆菌EHA105正处在对数生长期,活力最强;制备感受态细胞时,CaCl2溶液的浓度在6～10mmol·L-1之间,无显著差异,但以10mmol·L-1效果最佳,转化率达5．322×10^6·μg-1热激处理温度在20～37℃之间均无显著差异,但37℃处理时转化率最高,达5．550×10^6·μg-1。     

甘蔗Lea基因cDNA全长克隆及表达特性

本研究从甘蔗叶片全长cDNA文库中获得了甘蔗Lea基因cDNA全长序列,命名为Sc-Lea。该基因全长921 bp, 含有一个495 bp编码164个氨基酸的的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF), 5’端非编码区（untranslated region,UTR）长64 bp,3’端UTR长362 bp,且在3’端UTR有明显的polyA结构, 起始密码子周围为CCCCAGCCATGGC, -3、+4位为G,C是该段序列的偏好碱基,符合Kozak规则。目的基因原核表达产物分子量大小约为17.9kD。同时还利用定量PCR技术研究了该基因在水杨酸（SA）、H2O2 PEG和NaCl等四种外源非生物胁迫因子作用下的表达特性。研究结果表明,甘蔗Lea基因的表达,会受到PEG和NaCl的强烈诱导,以及H2O2的抑制,同时也会受SA的影响。推测甘蔗Lea基因在甘蔗的抗旱和抗盐机制中发挥作用。     

基于田间表型和Bru1基因检测分析甘蔗褐锈病抗性遗传

由黑顶柄锈菌(Puccinia melanocephala)引起的甘蔗褐锈病具有产孢量大、流行性强的特点, 可导致甘蔗产量和蔗糖分的严重损失, 了解抗病性遗传有助于抗锈病育种中的亲本选择和组合配制, 而有效的抗性鉴定技术则是分离个体选择所必需的。本研究以甘蔗分离群体为材料, 利用表型与抗褐锈病主效基因Bru1检测相结合, 研究甘蔗褐锈病抗性遗传倾向并评价Bru1基因检测与表型抗性的关联性。结果显示, 发病盛期, 感病个体中, Bru1基因未检出率为96.7%, 但未感病个体中, Bru1基因的检出率仅为66.0%, 且高抗组合CP84-1198×云蔗89-7群体中的未感病个体, 该基因检出率为0, 尽管也发现有2个组合的未感病个体中, 该基因的检出率为100%。说明由Bru1基因控制的抗性可根据该基因的检测结果判断其抗/感病性, 同时, 甘蔗基因池中还存在其他未知的控制抗病性状的主效基因。值得强调的是, 父母本的抗病性均影响杂交后代的抗病性, 但以抗病亲本为父本的组合, 其分离群体的感病个体明显减少, 说明父本对杂交后代的褐锈病抗性影响可能更大。