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121.
Identification of a novel variant lacking group A soyasaponin in a Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.): implications for breeding significance
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Group A saponins are the principal factors underlying the undesirable bitter and astringent tastes in soybean food products. Therefore, the genetic reduction or elimination of the undesirable tastes is of great significance in soybean taste breeding. Using thin‐layer chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified a novel mutant lacking group A saponins in a wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.), reflecting the failed arabinose binding of arabinosyltransferase to the C‐22 hydroxyl group, consequently leading to a lack of group A saponins and the concomitance expression of two new components A‐αg and KA‐αg in seeds. The C‐3 glycosylated soyasapogenol A (SS‐A), A‐αg, is a steady precursor compound in biosynthesis of Aa and Ab types in the seeds of soybean plants and exhibits stable inheritance. In this study, we observed a critical step necessary for arabinose binding to the C‐22 hydroxyl group in the biosynthetic pathway of group A saponins and identified an important germplasm accession for the genetic improvement in the tastes of soybean milk and processed soybean foods. 相似文献
122.
Hiromi Nakanishi Shoichiro Kiyomiya Takashi Tsukamoto Hideo Tsukada Hiroshi Uchida Satoshi Mori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):759-762
Using H2 15O as a tracer, the effect of the nutrient concentration on the water flow at the discrimination center (DC) of rice was monitored using a positron multi-probe system (PMPS). The maximum velocity of the water flow was achieved by the use of 20× Kasugai's culture solution. The addition of 0.01 to 0.1% NaCl gradually decreased the velocity. In intact plants, the ionic strength of essential elements in the xylem sap may be effective in decreasing the xylem resistance, resulting in the increase of the water flow in the xylem. 相似文献
123.
124.
We have modeled the prey–predator dynamics between nutrients, phytoplankton, and copepods in Hiuchi-nada, central part of
the Seto Inland Sea. The model parameters were estimated by stepwise regression using data sampled from 2001 to 2005. We re-created
the fluctuations in copepod biomass in the spring–summer of 2001–2004 by model simulation and investigated the relationship
between the re-created copepod biomass and anchovy Engraulis japonicus reproductive success rate in Hiuchi-nada. The anchovy reproductive success rate was proportional to the copepod biomass during
the last 10 days of May, a period that immediately preceded anchovy recruitment. This relationship indicates that a possible
key factor in the regulation of anchovy population levels is the fluctuation in abundance of the copepod assemblage and that
the crucial period for anchovy recruitment in Hiuchi-nada would be the period just before anchovy recruitment to the shirasu
(body length: approx. 20–35 mm) fishery. These results provide a potential framework for forecasting the anchovy recruitment
level that is based on both larval abundance and survival rate as estimated from the biomass of copepods in the pre-recruitment
period of anchovy. 相似文献
125.
Anguilla luzonensis, a new species of freshwater eel, family Anguillidae, is described on the basis of 29 specimens collected from the Pinacanauan
River system, which is a tributary of the Cagayan River on northern Luzon Island of the Philippines. The new species and A. celebesensis, which is distributed in the same region, both have variegated color marking and broad maxillary bands of teeth, but show
statistically significant differences in the following characters of the new species: predorsal-fin length 28.6–33.1% of total
length (TL); preanal length 39.6–44.8% of TL; trunk length 26.4–31.3% of TL; distance between the verticals through the anus
and origin of the dorsal fin 9.3–13.9% of TL; length of gape 35.5–46.9% of head length; the total number of vertebrae 103–107;
and number of abdominal vertebrae 40–42. These morphological differences, together with the present knowledge about anguillid
eel taxonomy, genetics, and ecology, strongly support the presence of the new species A. luzonensis in the area of northern Luzon Island of the Philippines. 相似文献
126.
Otake Tsuguo Amano Yosuke Shirai Kotaro Mochioka Noritaka Takahashi Toshiro Chow Seinen Kurogi Hiroaki Dou Shouzeng Yamaguchi Asuka Tsukamoto Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):483-493
Fisheries Science - The widely distributed East Asian Japanese eel Anguilla japonica constitutes a single genetically homogeneous population with a single spawning area near the West Mariana Ridge.... 相似文献
127.
Okamura Akihiro Yamada Yoshiaki Horie Noriyuki Mikawa Naomi Tsukamoto Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(4):687-694
Fisheries Science - The efficiency of a new liquid-type diet for long-term rearing of Japanese eel larvae until metamorphosis was examined, as was the effect of diet viscosity on diet intake and on... 相似文献
128.
Kenzo Kaifu Michael J. Miller Takashi Yada Jun Aoyama Izumi Washitani Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(1):127-136
To learn about the relationships between feeding and growth of temperate eels in freshwater and brackish water habitats, we analysed 533 yellow‐phase Japanese eels Anguilla japonica collected in both types of habitats in southeastern Japan. Because male eels were very rare in each habitat (FW, N = 1; BW, N = 20), characteristics of female eels were compared between the different habitats. Annual food consumption was evaluated with the consideration of instantaneous food consumption and annual activity period. Stomach fullness index (stomach content weight/body weight) was used as an indicator of instantaneous food consumption. The ratios of number of months with eel catch to those when eel sampling was conducted were used as an indicator of activity period. Female yellow eels tended to be older and slower growing in fresh water (N = 78; age, mean ± SD = 7.9 ± 2.4 years; growth rate, 59.8 ± 14.0 mm year?1) than in brackish water (N = 229; age, 5.5 ± 1.8 years; growth rate, 90.1 ± 24.4 mm year?1). Irrespective of sex, yellow eels in brackish water had a higher stomach fullness index and a greater ratio of months with eel catches, indicating greater annual food consumption by brackish water eels. These results indicate that greater annual food consumption contributes to the greater growth rates of Japanese eels in brackish water habitats. 相似文献
129.
Genetic characterization of group A acetylsaponin‐deficient mutants from wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.)
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Panneerselvam Krishnamurthy Jeong‐Dong Lee Bo‐Keun Ha Jong‐Hyun Chae Jong Tae Song Chigen Tsukamoto Ram J. Singh Gyuhwa Chung 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(3):316-321
Group A acetylsaponins are the main causative components for bitter and astringent tastes of soybean (Glycine max). In this study, we examined the genetic nature of the absence of group A acetylsaponins in 12 Korean wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions. In all 12 accessions, the coding region (1431‐bp) of Sg‐1 locus was identical with Sg‐1a, which adds the xylose sugar moiety at the terminal position of the C‐22 sugar chain of SS‐A, except one nucleotide (G→A change) at +948th position. This point mutation results in change of one amino acid from tryptophan (TGG) to stop codon (TGA). We observed that the mutated Sg‐1 was controlled by a single recessive gene (sg‐10‐a1). This gene was mapped between BARCSOYSSR_07_1561 and BARCSOYSSR_07_1598 on soybean chromosome 7. Our study demonstrated that the mutated Sg‐1 gene in Korean wild soybeans is genetically different from those identified in Japanese soybean cultivar ‘Kinusayaka’ and wild soybean JP‐36121. We believe that the new Sg‐1 mutants can also be utilized to produce a new soybean variety without bitter and astringent properties. 相似文献