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排序方式: 共有234条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Yoji Igarashi Hiroyuki Doi Yusuke Yamanoue Shigeharu Kinoshita Toshiaki Ishibashi Hideki Ushio Shuichi Asakawa Mutsumi Nishida Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):243-250
Pufferfishes belonging to the genus Tetraodon form one of the largest groups in the family Tetraodontidae. This group consists of more than 20 species distributed across freshwater, as well as brackish and coastal waters, of Africa and Southeast Asia. However, their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships are still ambiguous. In the present study, mitochondrial genes encoding 16S rRNA and cytochrome b were sequenced for 17 Tetraodon species collected from various areas mentioned above. Supermatrix analysis based on the complete sequences of the two genes from Tetraodon species was performed using a tree with 50 tetraodontid species (including 7 Tetraodon species) as a backbone. The obtained phylogenetic tree classified Tetraodon species into three groups, correlating well with their habitats, such as Asian freshwater, Asian brackish water, and African freshwater. We also showed that salinity tolerance of Asian freshwater species T. cochinchinensis was apparently lower than that of Asian brackish water species T. nigroviridis, suggesting that the speciation of Tetraodon species in the Asian freshwater group was caused by the molecular evolution associated with osmotic regulation. 相似文献
42.
Hiroyuki Matsunari Hiroshi Hashimoto Kentaro Oda Yoshitsugu Masuda Hitoshi Imaizumi Kazuhisa Teruya Hirofumi Furuita Takeshi Yamamoto Kazuhisa Hamada Keiichi Mushiake 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1696-1705
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the growth performance, survival and swim bladder inflation of larval Seriola dumerili during the rotifer feeding period was investigated in two feeding experiments. Amberjack larvae at 3 day post hatching were fed rotifers enriched with (1) freshwater C hlorella (Chlo), (2) a mixture (2:1, v/v) of Chlo and DHA‐enriched C hlorella (DHA‐Chlo), (3) DHA‐Chlo and (4) DHA‐Chlo and commercial DHA emulsion, in triplicate for 7 days. The average DHA contents of the rotifers were 0.0, 0.4, 1.0 and 1.9 mg g?1 DM respectively. The survival rate was improved by the enrichment of rotifers with DHA‐Chlo alone, and DHA‐Chlo and emulsion. Growth and swim bladder inflation of fish fed rotifers enriched with DHA‐Chlo were significantly (P < 0.05) improved, however, with increased levels of DHA further improvement was not found. DHA content in the larval whole body proportionally increased with the DHA level in the rotifers. These results suggest that DHA enrichment of rotifers is effective to improve the growth, survival rate and swim bladder inflation of amberjack larvae. The DHA requirement of amberjack larvae is estimated to be 1.5 mg g?1 on a dry matter basis of rotifers. 相似文献
43.
Shiro Suzuki Norikazu Sakakibara Laigeng Li Toshiaki Umezawa Vincent L. Chiang 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(1):71-76
Here we describe alterations in the cinnamate/monolignol pathway in three transgenic aspen lines: one with downregulated expression
of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), one with upregulated expression of coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H), and a 4CL downregulated/CAld5H
upregulated line. Compared with the wild type, the 4CL downregulated line showed significantly increased levels of p-hydroxycinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. In contrast, the CAld5H upregulated line had increased content of p-coumaryl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols. In the 4CL downregulated line, it was likely that most hydroxycinnamic acids were
glycosylated. These results strongly suggest that the downregulation of 4CL and upregulation of CAld5H disrupt the metabolic
flow through the cinnamate/monolignol pathway and thus alter the amount and structure of its final product, lignin. 相似文献
44.
Mami Murakami Hiroki Sakai Nao Iwatani Aki Asakura Yuki Hoshino Takashi Mori Tokuma Yanai Kohji Maruo Toshiaki Masegi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(1):113-118
Abstract: A 15‐month‐old castrated male dog with a history of intermittent epistaxis and sneezing was admitted for the examination of a maxillofacial mass. An impression smear of a biopsy sample from the cauliflower‐shaped gingival mass contained numerous round cells, 5–25 μm in diameter, which contained a moderate amount of clear to pale blue cytoplasm and resembled lymphoid cells. Mitotic figures were frequently observed. The mass was diagnosed as malignant round cell neoplasia. On histologic examination the tumor was composed of diffusely arranged, small, atypical round cells with a small amount of fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, the cells were negative for CD3, CD18, CD20, CD79α, cytokeratin, melan‐A, chromogranin A, α‐smooth muscle actin, and myoglobin but positive for vimentin and desmin. The cells also had strong positive nuclear staining for myogenin and MyoD1. A diagnosis of solid‐pattern alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was made on the basis of morphologic and immunohistochemical results. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors in juvenile dogs, especially when cytologic findings reveal round, undifferentiated cells. 相似文献
45.
Antiviral activity of 3‐(1‐chloropiperidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐fluoro benzisoxazole 2 against White spot syndrome virus in Freshwater crab,Paratelphusa hydrodomous
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46.
Stark TD Matsutomo T Lösch S Boakye PA Balemba OB Pasilis SP Hofmann T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(8):2053-2062
The aim of this study was to identify antioxidants from Garcinia buchananii bark extract using hydrogen peroxide scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. LC-MS/MS analysis, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy led to the unequivocal identification of the major antioxidative molecules as a series of three 3,8″-linked biflavanones and two flavanone-C-glycosides. Besides the previously reported (2R,3R,2″R,3″R)-naringenin-C-3/C-8″ dihydroquercetin linked biflavanone (GB-2; 4) and (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (3), whose stereochemistry has been revised, the antioxidants identified for the first time in Garcinia buchananii were (2R,3R)-taxifolin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (2R,3R)-aromadendrin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and the new compound (2R,3S,2″S)-buchananiflavanone (5). The H?O? scavenging and the ORAC assays demonstrated that these natural products have an extraordinarily high antioxidative power, especially (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (3) and GB-2 (4), with EC?? values of 2.8 and 2.2 μM, respectively, and 13.73 and 12.10 μmol TE/ μmol. These findings demonstrate that G. buchananii bark extract is a rich natural source of antioxidants. 相似文献
47.
Ogawa H Sanada Y Sanada N Kudo M Tuchiya K Kodama T Uetsuka K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(6):837-840
A 5-month-old female Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) that was born and hand-reared in Japan died with suspected proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the bird revealed characteristic features of PDD, i.e., distention of the proventriculus and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in ganglia of various organs and in central and peripheral nerves. A linkage of this PDD case to infection with avian bornavirus (ABV) was documented by RT-PCR amplification of the virus genomes from the affected bird. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ABV identified in this study clustered into the genotype 2, which is one of the dominant ABV genotypes worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural case of PDD associated with ABV infection in Japan. 相似文献
48.
Abstract Nodule formation in legume crops is a multistep process which involves the interactive gene expression of bacteria and host plants. Attempts to widen the genetic variation of symbiotic bacteria and host plants have led to the isolation of several mutants with a diverse capability of nodulation. The most striking variants in hosts are the supernodulating mutants isolated in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Jacobsen and Feenstra 1984; Duc and Messager 1989), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Park and Buttery 1988), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Men.) (Carroll et al. 1985a,b; Gremaud and Harper 1989; Akao and Kouchi 1992), all of which are capable of producing several-fold more nodules than their parental lines in the presence of nitrate. These mutants may be useful materials for analyzing the mechanism controlling nodule formation, and are considered to have a high agronomic potential under certain growing conditions. 相似文献
49.
Tomoyuki Nakatsubo Yu Kitamura Norikazu Sakakibara Masaharu Mizutani Takefumi Hattori Nozomu Sakurai Daisuke Shibata Shiro Suzuki Toshiaki Umezawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(4):312-317
The function of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At5g54160 annotated as a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase CAOMT gene was characterized. The recombinant enzyme of this gene (AtOMT1) catalyzed the O-methylation of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid substrates. The specificity constants (k
cat/K
m) for 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde (5-HCAld) and quercetin were both 0.11 μM−1·min−1. On the other hand, lignins of At5g54160-knockout Arabidopsis mutants lacked syringyl units. In addition, we showed that the gene silencing also resulted in significant accumulation of
caffeyl alcohol (CaAlc). These results strongly suggested that At5g54160 gene is involved in syringyl lignin synthesis for
the methylation of both 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl compound(s).
Part of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry, March
24–27, 2007 相似文献
50.
Thymelaeaceae plants produce dextrorotatory dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, which are opposite enantiomers to the lignans isolated from other plants (e.g.,Forsythia spp.). In our previous paper, (–)-pinoresinol (74% enantiomer excess), (+)-matairesinol (optically pure), and (+)-wikstromol (optically pure) were isolated fromWikstroemia sikokiana (Thymelaeaceae). In the present investigation, a survey of lignans and the determination of their enantiomeric compositions were continued. Four lignans, (–)-lariciresinol, (–)-secoisolariciresinol, (+)-kusunokinin, and (+)-methyltrachelogenin, were isolated from MeOH extracts ofW. sikokiana stem. To our knowledge, we have isolated (+)-methyltrachelogenin from plants for the first time. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that (+)-kusunokinin and (+)-methyltrachelogenin were optically pure, whereas (–)-lariciresinol and (–)-secoisolariciresinol were not (39% and 45% enantiomer excess, respectively). Feeding experiments with deuterium-labeled substrates demonstrated conversion of coniferyl alcohol to the lignans and interconversion of lignans. These reaction sequences are similar to the sequence catalyzed byForsythia enzymes. However, predominant enantiomers of the lignans, except for secoisolariciresinol isolated fromW. sikokiana, have absolute configurations opposite to those of the corresponding lignans isolated fromForsythia spp. Based on the results of the isolation and the feeding experiments, several differences betweenW. sikokiana andForsythia spp. are pointed out regarding stereochemical mechanisms for lignan biosynthesis.Parts of this report were presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996; and the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997 相似文献