玉米秸秆炭和典型农业废弃物混合成型与燃烧特性试验

以玉米秸秆炭和玉米秸秆、苹果枝、沼渣、菌渣为原料,在成型压力为6 MPa的条件下,研究了不同混配比例混合燃料的成型特性,并在此基础上探讨了特定混配比例下的混合样品燃烧特性。研究结果表明:农业废弃物质量分数、种类对混合成型燃料稳定性均有影响,农业废弃物占70%比例时混合成型燃料的抗跌碎强度均大于99.50%;玉米秸秆对成型燃料的稳定性影响最为明显,其质量分数大于30%时,成型燃料抗跌碎强度达到99.68%以上,而沼渣和菌渣质量分数大于50%时,其成型燃料的抗跌碎强度分别超过99.11%和99.71%;苹果枝质量分数大于60%,其成型燃料抗跌碎强度超过99.34%;4种成型燃料的能量密度与原料相比分别提高14.93、11.36、11.74、14.53 GJ/m³;堆积密度分别提高792.99、596.92、605.63、820.12 kg/m³。该研究为农业废弃物新型成型燃料的开发提供了基础支撑。     

果树LAI快速检测的随机分布模型构建

目前对精确喷施机具本身研究较多,而对喷施对象—果树叶面积指数（LAI）的快速检测方面达不到与机具对接的要求。其中,LAI快速检测样机构建中,光学模型的构建是关键。针对果树具有单一、独立、冠层不规则、不均匀的特点,进行了计算机随机分布模型的仿真和LAI计算。基于从简单到复杂、一般到个别的原则,用VC语言构建了平面随机分布矩形叶子及其LAI测试界面。根据真实番石榴果树的具体参数如投影区域面积和叶宽度等进行匹配,构建随机分布计算分析模型,并应用在基于真树和人造树的虚拟番石榴树LAI计算中,得到虚拟果树阴影率的变     

农杆菌介导法将反义蜡质基因转入杂交稻亲本

通过农杆菌介导法将反义蜡质基因导入特青(OryzasativaL.subsp.indica)和广粳1号(OryzasativaL.subsp.japonica)这两个杂交稻亲本的愈伤组织中,获得了经PCR检测证明外源基因已整合进植物基因组中的再生植株,其中含潮霉素抗性基因的植株有6株,但仅有2株能够扩增出反义蜡质基因的特异条带,其原因可能是在转基因植株中出现了基因丢失或沉默现象。试验表明,粳型稻广粳1号的不同外植体(成熟胚、幼胚、幼穗、花药)的愈伤诱导率比特青的高,且随着继代时间的延长,不同基因型水稻诱导的愈伤之间的转化率存在着极显著性差异(P<0.01);经过转染的水稻愈伤在一定的筛选压力下会出现“逃逸”现象,抗性筛选后成活愈伤PCR检测发现广粳1号和特青的愈伤转化率只有44.4%和29.4%;不同凝固剂对愈伤诱导的质量有着明显的影响,植物凝胶作凝固剂比琼脂作凝固剂时的愈伤褐化率低。     

我国与美国材料燃烧技术标准比较研究

针对我国与美国的建筑材料与制品、家具及纺织织物主要燃烧技术标准体系的异同进行了比较与分析.系统比较了相关产品的技术和标准,对打破国外技术性贸易壁垒并建立完善我国的法规和标准具有十分重要的意义.     

寄主作物对美洲斑潜蝇蛀食和发育的影响

美洲斑潜蝇在寄主作物上的虫道呈蛇形,且主要分布在叶片正面,明显有别于豌豆彩潜蝇、番茄斑潜蝇。幼虫在不同寄主作物上蛀食能力差异明显,在丝瓜、茄子和豇豆上单个潜道面积分别为53.34、51.76、34.55 m m 2 。不同龄期幼虫蛀食量差异较大,其中以3 龄幼虫为最大,约占蛀食量59.30% ～70.68% 。在25℃下,卵历期2.3～2.8 d, 寄主作物对卵的发育影响不明显,对幼虫历期有一定的影响。     

基于CFD的蛋鸭舍内环境模拟分析与验证

为优化4层层叠式笼养鸭舍舍内环境,基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)对鸭舍内气流场、温度场及CO_2浓度场进行模拟。将笼架简化,考虑其对气流的阻挡作用,将鸭笼及鸭只视为多孔介质。模拟结果显示,进风口为湿帘时,侧墙湿帘与端墙之间存在通风死区,风速低于0.5 m·s~(-1)。进风口为通风小窗时,鸭舍未安装通风小窗区域风速小,CO_2浓度大。改变纵墙湿帘位置对鸭舍结构进行改进,改进后气流不均匀系数降低了17%。改进通风小窗布置发现,提升通风小窗分布均匀性显著降低舍内温差;提升通风小窗安装高度将显著降低舍内CO_2浓度。该研究可为蛋鸭舍结构设计提供参考。     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.     

采用改进Mask R-CNN算法定位鲜食葡萄疏花夹持点

为实现鲜食葡萄疏花机械化与自动化,该研究提出了一种鲜食葡萄疏花夹持点定位方法。首先基于ResNeXt骨干网络并融合路径增强,改进Mask R-CNN模型,解决鲜食葡萄花穗、果梗目标较小难以检测的问题;进而针对花穗、果梗生长姿态的复杂性与不确定性,提出一种集合逻辑算法,该算法采用IoU函数剔除重复检测的花穗与果梗,建立花穗、果梗对,并对果梗掩模进行形态学开运算,利用集合关系获取主果梗掩模,确定以主果梗质心附近的中心点为果梗的夹持点。最后,随机选取测试集中的图像进行试验。试验结果表明：果梗夹持点平均定位准确率为83.3%,平均定位时间为0.325 s,夹持点x、y方向定位误差及定位总误差最大值分别为10、12和16像素,能够满足鲜食葡萄疏花的定位精度与速度要求,可为实现鲜食葡萄疏花机械化与自动化提供理论支撑。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

Evaluation on the potential of improving border irrigation performance through border dimensions optimization: a case study on the irrigation districts along the lower Yellow River

In the Yucheng region along the lower reach of the Yellow River, current border irrigation systems in all three irrigation districts have low irrigation performances with the applied depth per irrigation event >150 mm, and application efficiency <65 %. It is often difficult to change irrigation practices, and rates of adoption are usually slow for China’s small-scale farmers. This study emphasizes the feasibility of optimizing border dimensions in border irrigation taking into consideration the existing irrigation conditions and farmers’ methods of irrigation practice. The performances of current border irrigation systems and improved systems were evaluated using agricultural irrigation survey data, field experimental data, and a simulation model. The irrigation conditions, that is, inflow rate, border dimensions, and relative cutoff distance, in the irrigation districts were found to be diverse. However, after border dimensions were optimized through simulation and field testing, it was determined that the applied depth per irrigation event could be decreased by an average of 49 mm, and the application efficiency could be increased on average by 26.7 % in the three irrigation districts. The annual potential amount of water savings among the three districts was calculated to be approximately 5,551 × 10⁴ m³ in the Yucheng region. Optimizing border dimensions is a practical technology for small-scale farming practices in the irrigation districts along the lower Yellow River.