Enhanced Hydrolysis of Excess Sludge by Two Surfactants

The hydrolysis efficiency of excess sludge by the two surfactants (SDS and SDBS) was investigated according to COD dissolution rate, concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein. The results showed that the hydrolysis of excess sludge was improved by using the two surfactants. When the dosage was in low range, SCOD concentration increased significantly with dosage increasing. But the increase of SCOD was not obvious when the dosage was higher than 50 mg/g dw. SCOD concentration increased from 638.5 mg/L to 6 446.8 mg/L (SDBS) and 4 857.2 mg/L (SDS) respectively. COD dissolution rate increased from 5.8% to 37.3%(SDBS) and 30.2%(SDS) respectively. With the increase of SDS and SDBS dosage in the range of 0~150 mg/g dw, the concentrations of the soluble protein and carbohydrate increased linearly. Soluble carbohydrate increased from 3.54 mg/L to 95.56 mg/L(SDBS) and 64.20 mg/L(SDS) respectively. Soluble protein concentration increased from 11.72 mg/L to 706.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 541.08 mg/L(SDS) respectively. The concentrations of ammonia and VFA also increased with the SDS and SDBS dosage. Ammonia concentrations increased from 4.21 mg/L to 130.33 mg/L(SDBS) and 102.74 mg/L(SDS) respectively. VFA concentrations increased from 21.27 mg/L to 358.30 mg/L(SDBS) and 283.12 mg/L(SDS) respectively.     

A Study of Residential Grey Water Treated by Subsurface Horizontal Constructed Wetland

Ceramsite and natural zeolite were used as mixed substrates in subsurface horizontal constructed wetland which is planted with Yellow flag to investigate the treatment efficiency of real residential grey water, Inflow rate was 50l/d, HRT was 2d. The wetland reduced COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and turbidity from 164mg/l,4.3mg/l,5.2mg/l,0.44mg/l,82.4NTU to 70 mg/l, 1.07 mg/l, 2.07 mg/l, 0.33 mg/l, 7.27NTU, removal efficiency was respectively 57.32%,75.19%,60.26%,24.24%,91.18%,and have a good performance in COD,NH3-N,TN, turbidity treatment. Used synthetic grey water to study different HRT effect of wetland. Increasing HRT could be increase the wetland ability of COD, NH3-N removal. When the HRT was 3d, the wetland had the best decontamination effect. The removal efficiency of COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,turbidity was respectively 68.46%,81.75%,66.67%,34%,86.91%.     

Google Earth在风景园林教学及设计中的应用初探

针对风景园林教学与设计过程中在空间分析等方面存在的突出问题,利用高清晰度卫星影像软件Google Earth的突出优势与强大功能,从风景园林教学与设计两个层面入手,分析了该软件在风景园林教学中的优势与应用前景,勾勒出Google Earth在风景园林设计中的理论与实践应用构架,以期为景观规划师提供技术支持。     

水分胁迫对大叶铁线莲生理生化指标的影响

为了解大叶铁线莲对水分胁迫的反应和适应性,研究了干旱和水涝胁迫下大叶铁线莲的生理指标变化。结果表明:水分饱和亏缺、质膜相对透性、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及抗氧化保护酶中的SOD、CAT活性,随胁迫时间的增加呈上升趋势;叶绿素含量、相对含水量、保护酶系统中的POD活性呈下降趋势,说明大叶铁线莲对水分胁迫具有较强的忍耐能力,且忍耐水涝能力高于耐干旱能力。     

城乡边缘结合处生活垃圾收运体系建设研究

指出了我国城乡边缘结合处生活垃圾收运体系的建设相对落后,已经不适应日新月异的城市化步伐,如不加快城乡边缘结合处生活垃圾收运体系的建设,必然会影响和阻碍城市化的进程。重点论述了我国城乡边缘结合处生活垃圾收运体系的建设,针对整个体系的建设,合理配置垃圾收集、垃圾运输等各个环节,提出了合理方案,同时对环境保护、社会人文、经济可持续发展给予了重点关注。     

定性测定羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素总量残留的高灵敏度检测卡的研制

试验研制定性测定羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素总量残留的高灵敏度检测卡。在硝酸纤维素膜上预包被黄曲霉毒素总量全抗原作为检测线,预包被羊抗鼠二抗作为质控线。将抗黄曲霉毒素总量单克隆抗体用胶体金标记作为金标垫。将样品垫、金标垫、预包被的硝酸纤维素膜以及吸水垫依次粘贴在PVC板上,切割成4 mm宽的试纸条,将试纸条装入塑料卡壳中扣紧组装成检测卡。样本中残留的黄曲霉毒素总量与硝酸纤维素膜上的检测线共同竞争胶体金标记的黄曲霉毒素总量抗体,检测线的颜色深浅与其残留物黄曲霉毒素总量呈负相关,从而判定样品中黄曲霉毒素总量的含量。结果表明:检测卡的检测限为10~30μg/kg,黄曲霉毒素总量检测卡对黄曲霉毒素B1的交叉反应率为100%,而与同族的其他物质的交叉反应率大于30%,与不同族的其他物质的交叉反应率小于1%。假阳性率小于5%,假阴性率为0%,密封好的检测卡常温下储存,保质期18个月。因此,本研究的定性测定羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素总量残留的高灵敏度检测卡,可快速准确地应用于羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素总量残留的定性检测,为快速准确地测定羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素总量残留提供了依据。     

Substantial amounts of carbon are sequestered during dry periods in an old-growth subtropical forest in South China

A number of continuous eddy covariance measurements and long-term biomass inventories had proved that old-growth forests are carbon sinks worldwide. The present study estimated the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for an old-growth subtropical forest at the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in South China to investigate the temporal pattern of carbon sequestration, both seasonally and annually. The measured NEP over 7 years (from 2003 to 2009) showed that this forest was a net carbon sink, ranging from 230 (in 2008) to 489 g C m^?2 year^?1 (in 2004). The greatest value of NEP was found in the driest year and the lowest value in the wettest year during the study period. Within a year, NEP during the dry season was about 81.4 % higher than for the wet season. Accordingly, the dry season at seasonal scale and dry years at interannual scale are key periods for carbon sequestration in this forest. The strong seasonality of ecosystem or soil respiration (ER or SR) compared with gross primary productivity (GPP) resulted in substantial amounts of carbon being sequestered during dry seasons. A decrease of GPP and an increase of ER or SR demonstrated the lower carbon uptake in rainy years. From this study, we conclude that GPP and living biomass carbon increment are not overriding parameters controlling NEP. The variations in ER or SR driven by the rainfall scheme were the dominant factor determining the magnitude of NEP in this forest in South China.     

赤羽病SYBR Green I实时荧光PCR方法的建立和应用

本研究根据赤羽病毒（AKAV）的S基因序列设计合成了引物, RT-PCR扩增得到目的基因片段并克隆到PGM-T载体得到质粒标准品。通过对荧光定量PCR反应条件的优化,建立了SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测AKAV的方法。该方法的检测敏感性达到926拷贝/25μL,并具有较好的重复性和特异性。本试验方法的建立对于加强进出口牛AKAV的检验检疫具有十分重要的意义。     

饲用油脂的营养价值及其在养殖业中的应用进展

油脂作为饲料中的能量来源已广泛应用于动物饲料中。在动物日粮中添加油脂不仅可以满足动物高生产性能的需要,还可以提高饲料利用率。文章主要概述了饲用油脂的来源、营养价值及其在养殖业中的应用现状。