Impact of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes on transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by the observation of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes in chronic renal failure model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury. METHODS: Embryo of mice, cultured renal tubule cells and chronic renal failure rat model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury were established. The expressions of paired Box gene (pax2) and Willm’s tumor gene (WT1), as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a phenotype of mesenchymal cells, were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: (1) Expressions of pax2 and WT1 mRNA began at 11.5 d and 14 d of embryo and increased gradually, and expression in trace quantity at 2 weeks after birth. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that WT1 only expressed in the glomerular podocytes and expressions of pax2 and WT1 in adult renal tubular cells were negative. (2) Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 in some tubular cells appeared at week 2 and peaked at week 4 in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, both showing a same trend of expression. However, pax2 showed another peak at week 10 afterwards. (3) Re-expressions of pax2 and WT1 in TEC at 0.5 and 24 h after treated with IL-1α (10 μg/L) or AngII (10-9 mol/L) were observed respectively, followed by upregulation of α-SMA expression, and mesenchymal cells characters were shown. The effects were inhibited by Ang II receptor 2 antagonist and WT1 antibody, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adult renal tubule cells acquire re-activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes and phenotypes of mesenchymes when challenge with certain injuries. Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 genes closely relates with high concentration of bioactive facors, such as AngII and IL-1, which are involved in the mechanisms of renal tubule cells transdifferentiation.     

散生指天小辣椒“满天星”的选育

满天星是以辣椒胞质雄性不育系E4A为母本,恢复系E28C为父本配制的中熟辣椒一代杂种。果实羊角形,纵径6～8cm,横径1．0-1．2cm,平均单果质量4．5g。青熟果绿色,老熟果鲜红色,辣味香浓。每667m。产鲜红椒1800～2400kg,干椒300～400kg。抗CMV和疫病,中抗TMV,适宜全国各地早春露地和保护地栽培。     

中国城镇化过程中村庄土地整理潜力估算

该文在理论分析的基础上，创建了一个定量的数学模型来估算村庄土地整理净增加的潜力。估算结果表明，全国平均整理系数2010年为1.42～2.42、2030年为2.27～3.27，分别可净增加耕地面积173.81～296.58万hm²、279.10～401.86万hm²。通过对不同时间和不同生态区的整理系数比较，村庄土地整理潜力具有明显的时空分布规律。在时序上，随着社会经济的发展和城镇化水平的提高，我国农村人口会逐渐减少，整理潜力逐渐增大；在空间上，东部和中部村庄土地     

多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线

发动机万有特性可直观的反映发动机在其运行范围内的各项性能参数的变化情况。该文利用多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线。推导了三次多项式插值公式和三次多项式插值余项，绘制了发动机万有特性曲线。结果表明三次多项式插值法能精确地反映发动机特性，并可用该方法绘制发动机等油耗、等排放等特性曲线。为绘制发动机特性曲线、研究发动机性能提供较好的方法。     

一个调控水稻叶绿素合成基因wl-1的精细定位

为改良优异两系不育系株1S (Z1S)的株型特征,利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变技术处理株1S (Z1S),得到一个苗期为白条纹的突变体,命名为wl-1。以该突变体与粳稻品种日本晴杂交,得F1种子,进而获得自交F2群体。遗传分析表明wl-1受单个隐性基因控制。利用图位克隆技术将wl-1初定位于水稻第3号染色体上RM15851和RM15880两个标记之间。进一步扩大遗传定位群体,最终将wl-1精细定位于标记inedl3和indel4之间的122 kb区域内。生物信息学分析表明该区域有12个ORF。对这12个ORF编码区逐个测序分析表明,其第10个ORF (LOC-03g52170),编码4-羟基-3-甲基丁-2-烯基二磷酸还原酶的第2个外显子上的第165位碱基处存在1个碱基A替换为T的突变。基因表达分析表明,在幼苗期与野生型株1S相比,突变体中LOC-03g52170的表达量显著低于相应的野生型;同时突变体中叶绿素合成相关基因、光合作用相关基因以及叶绿体发育相关基因的表达量发生了显著变化。对叶色基因wl-1 (LOC-03g52170)的挖掘,有利于进一步阐释叶绿体和叶绿素合成的生物学机理,同时为水稻高光效育种提供理论和技术支撑。     

ZIKA种母兔饲粮适宜营养水平的研究

连续三年在相同的繁殖季节，使用齐卡Ｎ系母兔１４８只，分别观察测定了四种不同营养水平组合日粮对不同繁殖状态母兔繁殖能力的影响。结果表明：在延期繁殖（母兔断奶后再配种）条件下，不同能量、蛋白水平对母兔繁殖性能的影响差异不显著（Ｐ＞０。０５），但中能高蛋白（ＤＥ１０．８８兆焦／公斤、ＣＰ１９％）的第３组日粮略胜于其它组合。由此得出，在引延期繁殖的ＺＩＫＡ能繁母兔，适宜的营养水平为：消化能（ＤＥ）１０兆焦／公斤，粗蛋白（ＣＰ）１９％，粗纤维（ＣＦ）１０％。在母兔进行半频密繁殖（母兔产后第１４天开始配种）情况下，高能高蛋白（ＣＤＥ１２．１３兆焦／公斤、ＣＰ１９％）饲粮对提高繁殖性能的效果明显优于高能低蛋（ＤＥ１２．１３兆焦／公斤，ＣＰ１５％）和低能低蛋白（ＤＥ１０．８８兆焦／公斤）和ＣＰ１５％）饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５），尤其对提高母兔泌乳力效果明显（Ｐ＜０；０１），因此，实行频密（产后立即配种）或半频密繁殖的母兔，适宜营养水平为消化能１２兆焦繁殖的母兔，适宜营养水平为消化能１２兆焦／公斤，粗蛋白１９％，粗纤维９－１２％．     

A pig–human comparative RH map comprising 20 genes on pig chromosome 13q41 that harbours the ETEC F4ac receptor locus

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major cause of diarrhoea in newborn and young pigs. The locus for the intestinal ETEC F4ac receptor (F4acR) has been mapped to pig chromosome (SSC) 13q41 with known homology to human chromosome (HSA) 3q21 and q29. However, the causative gene and mutation(s) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize gene-derived markers on SSC13q41 for fine mapping of the F4acR locus, and construct a high-resolution pig–human comparative map to select positional candidate genes for F4acR. Pig-specific sequence-tagged site markers were developed for 20 genes that are located in a 6.8-Mb region on HSA3q21 and q29, and a total of 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 14 of 20 markers developed. Eighteen markers were mapped to SSC13q41, while the other two markers ( PLXNA1 and KLF15 ) were assigned to SSC13q32 and SSC7q13, respectively, by radiation hybrid mapping. This result showed that there was a small conserved segment on SSC7 corresponding to HSA3q21. A framework map comprising 18 markers on SSC13q41 was established, refining the synteny breakpoint on SSC13q41 to a region of 12.3 centiRay. The comparative radiation hybrid (RH) map revealed three interesting candidate genes for F4acR from the human genome, viz. MUC4 , MUC13 and MUC20 . Linkage analysis with six marker polymorphisms revealed that MUC4 had the most significant linkage with the F4acR locus.     

小麦白粉病菌闭囊壳发育情况研究初报

 据现有国内外资料报道,小麦白粉病菌的闭囊壳于小麦收获后形成子囊孢子在自生麦苗或冬麦秋苗上引起初浸染;也有资料报道闭囊壳越冬后形成子囊孢子,引起初侵染。本文结果与上述有不同之处,简报如下。     

α-半乳糖苷酶在饲料工业中的应用与基因工程研究进展

<正>我国饲料类型大多以玉米-豆粕型为主,其中原料大豆具有粗蛋白含量高、富含赖氨酸及氨基酸含量平衡等营养特点,是很好的蛋白质饲料来源。但豆粕及杂粕类饲料中α-半乳糖苷糖类含量也相对较高。α-半乳糖苷在饲料中是一种抗营养因子,简单的加工方法难以将其分解,当摄入之后,因微生物的厌氧发酵导致动物肠胃胀气、腹痛、肠鸣、腹泻等,不仅会导     

添加番茄渣单贮和混贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响研究

研究番茄渣单贮或混贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响,为今后在奶牛科学养殖中开发和利用非常规饲料资源提供理论依据和技术支持。试验选择体重、泌乳期、胎次和产奶量相近且健康无疾病的30头泌乳前中期荷斯坦奶牛于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区双河镇嘉益奶牛养殖合作社进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,番茄渣经过单贮或混贮(分别与梨渣、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆混贮)后用于奶牛日粮中替代部分全株玉米青贮,可有效的降低玉米青贮的使用,降低生产成本,显著提高乳蛋白率(P<0.05)、乳脂率(P<0.05)和奶牛产奶量(P<0.05),提高养殖效益。番茄渣单贮或混贮可提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益,并可作为一种非常规饲料资源在奶牛业中进行推广应用。