蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

以19周龄开产海兰褐蛋鸡为试验动物,采用饲养、屠宰试验和蛋品质分析测定等方法,研究蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:除添加0.4%组部分指标劣于对照组外,各试验组蛋品质均有不同程度提高,且以添加0.2%蛋氨酸水平组影响最显著,较对照组日均产蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数分别提高5.94%、9.0%、9.84%(P<0.05),料蛋比和蛋黄中胆固醇含量降低8.29%和1.67%(P<0.05)。     

云南省昆明市动物园大肠杆菌分离株毒力基因分布特征

为研究云南省昆明市动物园动物体内大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株毒力基因的分布特征,从圆通山动物园37个动物种群粪便中分离出37株E.coli,采用生化鉴定方法鉴定大肠杆菌,PCR方法检测19种毒力基因。鉴定结果表明:37株E.coli中,ompA、iroN、fimC、aatA、vat 5种毒力基因携带率分别为100%、95.49%、83.78%、70.27%、51.35%,ibeA、neuC、iutA、traT、stx 5种毒力基因携带率为0,其他9种毒力基因携带率均低于40.00%;分离菌株普遍携带8种以下毒力基因,同时携带10种以上毒力基因的概率为8.10%;分离株强毒力岛基因携带率较高,分布较为普遍。结果表明,昆明市圆通山动物园内流行的大肠杆菌以致病性大肠杆菌为主,不同种类动物体内大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带率存在较大差异,其原因可能与动物的饲养环境以及动物自身的适应能力和抵抗力有关。因此,对于动物园内具有较高大肠杆菌致病风险的动物,要采取相应防治措施,防止大肠杆菌病发生与流行。     

不同水平纤维素酶对肉鸡屠宰性能、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标的影响

试验选用1dAA＋肉鸡1050羽作为试验动物,随机分为7个组,每组5个重复,每个重复30羽,分别饲喂不同水平的纤维素酶,试验期42d,分别于21d、42d测定肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和腹脂率;同时测定胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的器官指数及血清中血糖和尿素氮含量。试验结果表明,添加不同水平的纤维素酶对21d肉鸡的屠宰性能并未产生显著影响;对42d肉鸡的屠宰率和半净膛率效果显著,试验组G屠宰率提高了3.94%（P〈0.05）,试验组E半净膛率提高了2.46%（P〈0.05）。肉鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊器官指数有不同程度的提高,差异不显著。添加不同水平的纤维素酶能够显著提高1～21d和22～42d肉鸡血液内葡萄糖含量,试验组G提高了4.25%（P〈0.05）。添加不同水平的纤维素酶能够降低1～21d肉鸡血清内尿素氮水平,试验组G降低了6.14%（P〈0.05）。     

桑树品种对黄化型萎缩病抗病性与过氧化物酶关系的研究

不同抗黄化型萎缩病能力的桑品种枝皮的过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明，品种间同工酶带差异明显，其酶带数目与桑品种抗病性成正相关。不同抗性品种接种类菌原体（ＭＬＯ）后，经不同时段过氧化物酶同工酶酶带区和酶带数与未接种的无明显差异，但酶带均有不同程度的加强，且随着接种后经过日数的增多而加强。因此，认为过氧化物酶是桑树抗ＭＬＯ的机制组分之一。     

湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展的探索与实践

湖南省主动适应兽医工作新形势,积极推进兽医社会化服务发展,创新服务体制机制,扎实稳妥开展兽医社会化服务试点。本文总结了湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展取得的成效,包括防疫效果提升、人员待遇提高、职能定位明确,发展空间拓宽等,分析了改革试点中存在的社会化服务组织发展困难、财政投入不足、监管体系能力薄弱等问题,提出了加强统筹协调、注重组织培育、加强财政保障、强化绩效评估等发展建议,为全面推进兽医社会化服务提供了借鉴。     

叶片出口角对离心泵性能曲线形状的影响

采用FLUENT,在多重参考坐标系下,利用有限体积法对雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程进行数值离散,选用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC方法求解,对4台不同比转速离心泵在不同叶片出口角下的内部流场进行了叶轮和蜗壳的多工况耦合数值模拟,研究了叶片出口角对离心泵扬程曲线和效率曲线的影响并进行了实验验证.研究给出了性能曲线随叶片出口角变化的规律并指出叶片出口角的改变对高比转速泵的扬程和效率曲线形状影响最为明显.研究结果对离心泵的选型和性能改进具有一定的指导意义.     

宁夏动物卫生监督机构改革调研

为了解宁夏动物卫生监督机构改革的发展现状,为兽医体制改革提供参考,通过对宁夏各级动物卫生监督机构体制进行摸底调查,在对机构现状阐述的基础上,着重分析了在改革过程中面临的立法滞后、执法主体缺失、职能定位不明、队伍素质偏低、动物卫生监督工作弱化等主要问题,提出了完善立法、推进农业综合执法、做好机构衔接、加强执法人员培训等对策和建议。     

Safety and immunogenicity of a delta inulin-adjuvanted inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine in pregnant mares and foals

In 2011, following severe flooding in Eastern Australia, an unprecedented epidemic of equine encephalitis occurred in South-Eastern Australia, caused by Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and a new variant strain of Kunjin virus, a subtype of West Nile virus (WNV_KUN). This prompted us to assess whether a delta inulin-adjuvanted, inactivated cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine (JE-ADVAX™) could be used in horses, including pregnant mares and foals, to not only induce immunity to JEV, but also elicit cross-protective antibodies against MVEV and WNV_KUN. Foals, 74–152 days old, received two injections of JE-ADVAX™. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated and induced a strong JEV-neutralizing antibody response in all foals. MVEV and WNV_KUN antibody cross-reactivity was seen in 33% and 42% of the immunized foals, respectively. JE-ADVAX™ was also safe and well-tolerated in pregnant mares and induced high JEV-neutralizing titers. The neutralizing activity was passively transferred to their foals via colostrum. Foals that acquired passive immunity to JEV via maternal antibodies then were immunized with JE-ADVAX™ at 36–83 days of age, showed evidence of maternal antibody interference with low peak antibody titers post-immunization when compared to immunized foals of JEV-naïve dams. Nevertheless, when given a single JE-ADVAX™ booster immunization as yearlings, these animals developed a rapid and robust JEV-neutralizing antibody response, indicating that they were successfully primed to JEV when immunized as foals, despite the presence of maternal antibodies. Overall, JE-ADVAX™ appears safe and well-tolerated in pregnant mares and young foals and induces protective levels of JEV neutralizing antibodies with partial cross-neutralization of MVEV and WNV_KUN.     

Effects of beta-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains on growth, dry matter and crude protein digestibilities and apparent metabolisable energy in broiler chickens

The effects of beta-glucanase expressed by transformed Lactobacillus strains on growth performance, apparent digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein, and apparent metabolisable energy were studied. Two hundred and forty 1-d-old chicks (Avian-43) were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups and fed with the following diets: (i) basal diet (control) (BD); (ii) basal diet with parental Lactobacillus strains (BDP) and (iii) basal diet with transformed Lactobacillus strains (BDT). At 21 d of age, the body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the BDT-fed chickens were significantly improved. At 14 and 21 d of age, the proportions of dry matter in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca and excreta of chickens given the BDT diet were significantly higher than those of chickens given the BD and BDP diets. Apparent metabolisable energy, digestibilities of crude protein and dry matter were also significantly improved (by 3.5, 5.6 and 3.5%, respectively) by the BDT diet. These results showed that the transformed Lactobacillus strains improved digestibility as well as enhanced the growth performance of chickens.     

富马酸二甲酯的合成和应用

添加化学防腐剂是防止饲料腐败变质的一种常用方法。目前,我国经常使用的化学防腐剂有苯甲酸(盐)、山梨酸(盐)、尼泊金酯、丙酸钙和双乙酸钠等。这些防腐剂有的应用pH值和抗菌谱窄,有的价格较高。富马酸二甲酯是一种高效低毒的化学防腐剂,对霉菌有良好的抑制作用。