控释尿素和普通尿素配施对土壤氮含量及大豆产量和品质影响

为了探讨控释尿素和普通尿素混施的最佳比例,以施用常规尿素为对照,设5个处理,研究控释尿素和普通尿素混施对土壤氮含量及大豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明：控释尿素和普通尿素配施能够提高土壤碱解氮含量和全氮含量,在整个生育时期碱解氮呈下降趋势,土壤全氮呈上升趋势。控释尿素不同比例的施用,提高大豆不同生育期的生物量,R4到R8时期提高最明显,以控释尿素100%(T5)处理提高最大。大豆蛋白质上升,脂肪下降,蛋脂总量提高,改善品质。5个处理中,以控释尿素占50%(T3)产量最高,达到3019.88 kg/hm2。与常规施肥(T1)相比提高11.33%,差异达到显著水平。     

马铃薯立枯丝核菌生物学特性研究

采用生长速率法研究了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌丝生长的条件。结果表明病菌菌丝在10~35℃均能生长,适宜温度是25~30℃,30℃菌丝生长最快。在pH为3~12的范围内病菌菌丝均能生长,以pH 5~7菌丝生长速度较快。黑暗对菌丝生长有促进作用,光照可促进菌核的形成。不同碳源、氮源对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响均较明显,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉对菌丝生长有显著的促进作用。立枯丝核菌菌丝体及菌核的致死温度分别为49℃和51℃。明确了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌生长的环境条件,可为病害防治提供理论依据。     

木薯全粉的功能特性

开发推广木薯源大宗食物,充分发挥木薯的资源优势,拓展人们日常消费的食物资源,积极应对日益严重的粮食危机.通过对木薯全粉与鲜木薯、木薯淀粉中的营养成分的测定对比,及对木薯全粉的黏度特性、透光率、膨胀度等进行分析,并对木薯全粉的营养成分保留及功能性质进行评价,探讨木薯全粉在食品工业中的潜在应用范围.结果表明,木薯全粉相对于鲜木薯、木薯淀粉营养成分保持良好,食用安全,同时具有较好的加工性能,在食品工业中应用前景广阔.     

筑路机械在低温条件下的使用与保养

本文根据多年的实践经验.提出了筑路机械在低温条件下的使用与保养措施.文中对发动机、传动系统、操纵系统、液压系统的使用与保养提出了较为有效的措施,从而保证筑路机械在低温条件下的正常使用.     

Cytotoxic constituents from Plumbago zeylanica

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract of aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (1), lupenone, lupeol acetate, plumbagin and trilinolein. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF7 and Bowes cancer cell lines (IC50 113 microM and 152 microM, respectively), beta-sitosterol inhibited Bowes cell growth (IC50 36.5 microM) and plumbagin was cytotoxic against MCF7 and Bowes cells (IC50 1.28 microM and 1.39 microM, respectively).     

Separation and utilization of pectin lyase from commercial pectic enzyme via highly methoxylated cross-linked alcohol-insoluble solid chromatography for wine methanol reduction

The isolation and utilization of pectin lyase (PL) from commercial pectic enzyme for methanol reduction in wine production was investigated. PL can be separated from pectinesterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG) on HM-CL-AIS affinity chromatography at pH 4; however, it is difficult to further distinguish PE from PG. Some desirable physicochemical properties such as transmittance, lightness, redness, and lower total pectin content are found in the external enzyme adding groups (PL, PE and PG, and pectic enzyme groups) in comparison to the control group. Methanol contents in pectic enzyme and the PE and PG groups increase from 628 +/- 13 (control group) to 3103 +/- 16 and 1736 +/- 67 mg/L ethanol in the final products, respectively. Nevertheless, the adding of PL does not cause any increase in methanol content. The results present in this study suggest that the HM-CL-AIS column is a simple, inexpensive, convenient, and effective method for PL purification. Moreover, the partial purified PL is a potential replacement of commercial pectic enzyme for pectin depolymerizing, methanol content reducing, and wine quality improving in wine production.     

Trends in overweight by socio-economic status in Vietnam: 1992 to 2002

OBJECTIVE: To explore socio-economic factors associated with rising rates of overweight among Vietnamese adults. DESIGN: The study was based on three national surveys of socio-economic factors and health conducted over a 10-year period. The studies were: the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1992-1993 (11 982 participants); the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1997-1998 (15 975 participants); and the Vietnamese National Health Survey 2001-2002 (94 656 participants). SUBJECTS: Male and female adults >18 years old were stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, occupation, education and relative food expenditures. Overweight was defined using body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m(-2). RESULTS: Overweight rates in Vietnam more than doubled between 1992 and 2002 (from 2.0 to 5.7%). Significant increases were observed for men and women, in urban and rural areas, and for all age groups. In univariate analyses, both age and higher socio-economic status were associated with higher rates of overweight. Using the most recent survey, urban populations were more likely to be overweight than rural ones (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79), white-collar workers were more likely to be overweight than manual labourers (OR = 1.95) and persons in the top level of food expenditures were more likely to be overweight than persons in the bottom level (OR = 4.96) after adjustment for other factors. Education was inversely associated with overweight after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Economic growth and improved standard of living are associated with higher rates of overweight in nations in early stages of economic development. In Vietnam, higher rates of overweight were observed among the higher income and occupation groups.     

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.