Effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) essential oil on nutrient and energy utilization of laying hens

An experiment using 96 Hy‐Line brown laying hens at 29 weeks of age that were randomly allocated to four treatments with eight replicates was conducted to assess the effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) oil (SAO) on nutrient and energy utilization. Dietary treatments were corn–soybean meal‐based diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg SAO. The birds were fed the diets for 14 days. The conventional nutrients and amino acids of feed and excreta samples were measured for calculating apparent metabolic efficiency, and gross energy (GE) was analyzed for computation of apparent metabolic energy (AME) and true metabolic energy (TME). Endogenous losses were obtained from another 16 birds for calculating true metabolic efficiency. Birds supplemented with SAO had higher (p < 0.05) metabolic efficiency of crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), Lys, Met, Arg, and Thr than those of control group. Quadratic effects on utilization of Lys, Met, and Thr were observed (p < 0.05). Inclusion of SAO to diet improved nutrient utilization, and the efficacy is best at 400 mg/kg.     

Establishment of a new fish cell line from the brain of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) and its application in toxicology and bacterial susceptibility

Cromileptes altivelis, humpback grouper, belongs to the family Epinephelidae and is one popular farmed fish species because of its high economic value and ornamental value. However, more and more diseases outbreaks have been reported with C. altivelis aquaculture. Today, a new brain cell line of C. altivelis (named CAB) was established and characterized. Our results showed that CAB cells were suitable for growth at 26 °C in L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The results of 18S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that CAB cell line was derived from C. altivelis. Moreover, chromosomal aneuploidy was observed in CAB cells, and the modal chromosome number of CAB cells was 48 by chromosome analysis. In addition, CAB cells could transfect pEGFP-N3 plasmid with high transfection efficiency, indicating that CAB cell line has the potential to investigate the function of exogenous genes in vitro. Furthermore, the bacterial susceptibility results suggested that CAB cells were susceptive to Vibrio harveyi and Edwardsiella tarda. And, heavy metals (Hg, Cd, and Cu) were toxic to the CAB cells, and the toxic effect was dose-dependent. In summary, the CAB cell line could be a powerful tool in vitro to study functional genes and has the potential application in bacterial susceptibility and toxicology.

     

浅论自然保护区管理信息化建设

自然保护区管理信息化建设是互联网革命的要求，是信息经济时代的要求，是发展生态经济的要求，是生物多样性保护与利用的要求，是适应生态系统管理的要求，通过信息化建设实现资源共享，提高管理水平。提出了推进自然保护区信息化建设应采取的措施。     

大棚栽培条件下不同羊肚菌菌株及遮阴处理对比试验

露地栽培羊肚菌受自然气候影响极大,为了探索适宜室内栽培的菌株与光照条件,在设施大棚内利用周转筐栽培羊肚菌,研究六妹羊肚菌、梯棱羊肚菌、羊肚菌分离1号、羊肚菌分离2号的出菇情况以及不同遮阴处理对六妹羊肚菌出菇的影响。试验结果表明:六妹羊肚菌的产量最高,每筐子实体朵数为13.4朵,每筐鲜菇质量为150.1 g,鲜菇商品性状较好,菌盖呈塔尖顶形,子实体呈灰黑色、大小适中,单朵鲜质量为11.2 g,菇柄最短,菌盖最长,菌盖最宽位置位于菌盖与菇柄连接处;梯棱羊肚菌的综合表现次于六妹羊肚菌,但优于羊肚菌分离1号和羊肚菌分离2号;盖1层遮阳网的六妹羊肚菌处理可以正常出菇,而不盖遮阳网和盖2层遮阳网的处理均无法正常出菇;因此,利用设施大棚栽培羊肚菌时,可以选择栽培六妹羊肚菌,在棚内加盖1层遮阳网,以保证出菇、提高产量。     

大花木绣球组织培养体系

以大花木绣球芽茎段为外植体,研究不同消毒时间、不同类型的芽、不同培养基对大花木绣球增殖和生根的影响。结果表明:采用质量浓度0.1%HgCl_2,消毒时间8 min,对大花木绣球的消毒效果最好;带有顶芽的侧芽萌发率较高,萌发率达到72.5%;适合大花木绣球增殖的培养基为WPM+1.0 mg·L~(-1) IBA+0.75 mg·L~(-1)NAA;大花木绣球最适合的生根培养基为1/4WPM+1.0 mg·L~(-1) NAA。     

浅谈新世纪初我国玉米育种发展思路

近十几年来，我国玉米总产和单产虽有所增长，但玉米种子的杂种优势水平却没有明显的提高，另一方面世界各大种子公司凭借高科技和高投入，以其独到的营销手段向我国种子市场大举进攻，千方百计争夺我国这块世界第二大玉米种子市场，由此我国育种队伍和种子产业面临巨大的挑战。对此，我国玉米生产将如何发展，玉米育种在玉米生产中将怎样发挥作用，这是值得认真讨论的问题。     

植物油助剂Aero-mate 320对植保无人机稻田低容量喷雾沉积利用率的提升效果及其机理分析

为明确添加植物油助剂Aero-mate 320对植保无人机施药体系的影响,评价其作为航空喷雾助剂的可行性,通过在15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂药液中添加0.3%、0.6%和1.0%的Aero-mate 320,测定并评估其对药液体系理化性质、抗蒸发性以及雾滴在水稻田沉积分布和沉积利用率的影响。结果表明,助剂Aero-mate 320的适量添加可以改善药液的理化性质,提高喷雾的均匀性,减少蒸发,增加雾滴在水稻冠层的覆盖及沉积,并能显著增加农药沉积利用率。其中,添加0.6% Aero-mate 320后药液的表面张力以及在水稻叶片上的接触角显著减小,分别降低13.3%和30.3%,黏附张力由-9.7 mN/m增加至9.1 mN/m,黏附功增加51.3%,药液更易润湿叶片;雾滴粒径显著增大,雾滴谱相对跨度显著变窄,雾滴分布更加均匀,小雾滴数量显著降低,减少了雾滴的飘移;对喷雾雾滴蒸发的抑制率为25.0%;同时药液在水稻冠层中的沉积密度和覆盖率增大,沉积量显著增加,农药沉积利用率增至66.8%。     

基于InVEST模型的森林生态系统服务功能评估研究进展

准确评估森林生态系统服务功能,是实现森林资源健康、可持续发展,更好地发挥森林生态服务功能的重要保障。InVEST模型具备驱动数据简单易获取、定量化评估精度高、评估过程和结果空间表达明晰、情景模拟预测功能强大的特点,已被广泛应用于森林生态系统服务功能评估的多个方面。文中概述InVEST模型的原理,重点对该模型在森林生态系统服务功能评估的几个热点应用进行详细介绍;系统评述国内外在应用InVEST模型对森林生态系统的碳储量、水源涵养、水土保持和生物多样性等服务功能进行评估方面取得的研究进展,总结各类应用中存在的局限和不足;提出利用InVEST模型开展森林生态系统服务功能评估的研究展望。     

中国古典建筑与园林艺术的研究

园林与园林建筑相互依存,中国古典园林形成了独特的艺术风格.随着时代的变迁,建筑形式、空间布局等审美观都发生了改变.通过对中国古典建筑与园林的分析,汲取中国古典园林文化中的精髓,创作出更具时代特点的新式园林.