杀螨剂“克螨特”亚致死剂量对朱砂叶螨实验种群生命参数的影响

为了科学合理地使用桑园杀虫剂,采用Jackkn ife统计推断技术,在16 L、(30±1)℃、RH 75%±10%,8D、(20±1)℃、RH 65%±15%的条件下,对寄主为桑树的朱砂叶螨种群水平上的亚致死效应进行了研究。朱砂叶螨成螨经杀螨剂“克螨特”亚致死剂量(60.83 mg/L)处理后,成螨寿命降低,雌螨总产卵量显著低于对照组;处理组内禀增长率(0.272 0±0.007 5)也显著低于对照组(0.338 6±0.005 5)。     

日粮中性洗涤纤维水平对断奶至2月龄肉兔生产性能、消化代谢和盲肠发酵的影响

80只断奶新西兰兔分成5组,饲喂5种中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平的日粮(分别为24%、27%、30%33%和36%),研究了日粮NDF水平对断奶至2月龄的肉兔生产性能、营养物质消化利用、免疫指标、盲肠纤维酶活性和盲肠内环境的影响。结果表明:日粮NDF水平对试兔日增重、饲料转化率影响显著(P<0.05),随NDF水平增加,日增重先增加后降低,料重比先降低后增加,30%NDF水平对日增重最高为31.52g/d,饲料转化率最低为3.23:1。随日粮NDF水平的增加,粗纤维、能量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪消化率显著或极显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),NDF消化率显著提高(P<0.05),氮沉积先升高后下降,以30%NDF组最高为1.24g/d。不同NDF间胸腺指数和脾脏指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。日粮NDF能极显著提高盲肠纤维素酶的活性(P<0.01),纤维素酶活性由13.79IU/g提高到58.68IU/g。NDF水平对断奶至2月龄试兔盲肠发育影响显著(P<0.05),盲肠占活重的比例随NDF水平的增加呈上升趋势。盲肠氨氮浓度呈下降趋势,24%、27%NDF组与36%NDF组差异显著(P<0.05),总VFA含量呈上升趋势,24%NDF和36%NDF组差异显著(P<0.05),VFA中乙酸比例上升,丙酸、丁酸比例下降。综合以上结果,断奶至2月龄肉兔NDF水平以30%～33%为宜。     

蜂胶抗炎功效成分研究

为确定中国杨属型蜂胶的抗炎功效成分,用100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)和40μg/ml氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)分别诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤。通过SRB法分别检测蜂胶水提物中分离的11种组分和蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物中分离的8段组分对2种炎症细胞模型细胞存活率的影响。结果表明:蜂胶水提物中的11种组分不同程度的促进2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率,乙酸乙酯提取物中的8段组分也是不同程度的提高2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率。由此可知,蜂胶的抗炎功效成分十分复杂,很可能是多种成分协同功效的结果,而且酚酸类物质发挥了一定的作用。     

代谢组学技术在有毒有害物质检测应用中的研究进展

有毒有害物质如致病微生物、生物毒素、农药、兽药及添加剂残留等会造成极大的食品安全隐患,严重威胁人类健康。目前,对有毒有害物质的风险监测仍然面临着巨大挑战。代谢组学技术通过考察生物受到有毒有害物的刺激或干扰后代谢产物的变化,进行系统的定量定性分析,获得具有高度敏感性及特异性的代谢组学投影,适用于对多种微量毒物的鉴别监测。同时,代谢组学技术可反映出毒物代谢过程中可能的生物标志物,为毒物代谢过程和毒理机制的进一步研究提供参考。因此,以色谱质谱联用、核磁共振等为代表的代谢组学方法逐渐成为检测和研究有毒有害物质的关键技术,为其风险评估提供依据。同时各种生物标志物的发现及检测方法的优化将进一步促进代谢组学技术在毒物监测中的实际应用。作者介绍了代谢组学技术的产生和发展,总结了代谢组学技术对常见有毒有害物质的检测方法和生物标志物的研究进展,旨在为代谢组学技术在有毒有害物质检测中的进一步应用提供参考。     

沙门菌CRISPR的结构与功能研究进展

近年发现沙门菌中恒定地存在两个CRISPR位点,沙门菌利用它们不仅能抵御外源质粒和噬菌体的入侵,还能介导自身短期的表型变化及长期亚类的进化。同时由于其结构的多样性,使之广泛应用于沙门菌分型和进化的研究。论文简要综述了沙门菌CRISPR系统的基本结构、作用机制和功能及其在沙门菌分型和进化应用方面的研究进展。     

Influence of starch sources and dietary protein levels on intestinal functionality and intestinal mucosal amino acids catabolism in broiler chickens

Background: There is growing interest in carbohydrate and protein nutrition to enhance the efficiency of animal production. Reduced-crude protein diets depress environmental pollution and feeding cost, but the challenge to their adoption is maintaining digestive function and growth performance of birds. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different dietary starch sources and protein levels on intestinal functionality and mucosal amino acid catabolism.Methods: Six dietary treatments, based on maize and soybean meal, were offered to 360 AA+male chicks from 6 to 35 d post-hatch as a 3 × 2 factorial array. Either waxy rice or amylose was added to a conventional maize-soy diet to provide three sources of starch with different digestion rates and relatively high and low dietary protein levels. Growth performance, parameters of intestinal functionality and concentrations of free amino acid in the portal circulation were determined.Results: In the grower phase, starch source influenced(P 0.02) weight gain as diets containing amylose supported significantly higher weight gains than waxy rice. Significant increase of ileal ATP concentrations and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were found in amylose treatment. Also, amylose decreased BrdU positive cell numbers and down-regulated m RNA expression for CASP-3. GOT activity in the ileum was higher(P 0.01) in birds offered low protein diets and there was a trend(P = 0.057) for waxy rice as a starch source to increase ileal GOT activities. There was a significant influence on the concentration of seventeen amino acids in the portal circulation with tryptophan the one exception. Waxy rice as a starch source generated 13.6% and 22.4% numerically higher concentrations of non-essential amino acids than maize and amylose, respectively.Conclusions: Amino acid catabolism in the gut mucosa is subject to nutritional regulation. Given that amino acids can be spared from catabolism in the gut mucosa by supplementation of amylose, it follows their post-enteral availability would be improved and intestinal energy would be derived more efficiently from glucose.     

大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血后皮质中VDAC1的表达与神经元凋亡的关系

目的 观察大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)后大脑皮质中VDAC1表达和皮质神经元凋亡,以及两者之间的关系,探讨电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白1(voltage-dependent anion channel1,VDAC1)参与SAH后早期脑损伤的发生机制.方法 将SD大鼠108只按随机数字表法分为假手术组(n=18只)和SAH组(n=90,下设SAH后6、12、36、48、72 h5个时相点,每个时相点18只).采用视交叉前池注血法建立SAH模型,应用RT-PCR、免疫组化和Western blot分别检测大鼠SAH后不同时相点VDAC1在mRNA水平、蛋白质水平的表达变化.凋亡原位末端标记法( Tunel)观察SAH后不同时相点大脑皮质神经元凋亡.结果 大脑皮质中VDAC1表达,无论在mRNA水平,还是在蛋白质水平,在SAH后12 h均明显增加[mRNA(2.40 ±0.19),蛋白(1.14±0.08)],于36 h时表达达最高峰[mRNA( 3.40±0.65),蛋白(1.72±0.22)],于48 h开始下降[mRNA( 1.94±0.30),蛋白(0.97±0.07)],至72 h时基本恢复正常(P＞0.05).TUNEL法检测显示大鼠SAH后12 h,大脑皮质中神经元凋亡细胞数开始增加,36 h达到高峰,之后逐渐降低(P＜0.05),72 h时降至正常(P＞0.05).结论 SAH后不同时间点VDAC1表达水平的动态变化与神经元凋亡发生、发展的时相性是一致的,提示VDAC1可能通过细胞凋亡途径参与SAH后早期脑损伤的病理过程.     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白与猪RACK1相互作用的鉴定

为筛选和鉴定与猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白相互作用的猪宿主蛋白,我们采用酵母双杂交方法筛选猪肺泡巨噬细胞表达文库得到与CSFV E2蛋白相互作用的宿主细胞RACK1蛋白,经共转化试验和GST pull-down试验进一步证实两者可以特异性结合,并且共聚焦试验表明两者共定位于细胞的细胞浆。本研究显示E2蛋白与宿主细胞RACK1蛋白存在相互作用,RACK1在CSFV感染过程中所发挥的功能有待进一步研究。     

Immunogenicity of multiple-epitope antigen gene of HCV carried by novel biodegradable polymers

In order to develop a promising vaccine candidate utilizing a combined approach to induce both antibody production and T-cell activity, the DNA fragment containing MA of HCV with five conserved epitopes was synthesized. Two types of HCV vaccine candidates (the DNA type and DNA/polymers) were constructed using MA. PLA-PEG-PLA and PLGA-PEG-PLGA were synthesized and used as micelles with encapsulated plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-MA. The preparation of copolymers, the cloning and analysis of recombinant plasmid DNA, in vitro expression, and immunogenicity in transgenic mice were evaluated in detail. The results indicated that even single immunization and oral immunization with DNA/polymers achieved satisfying immune responses in vivo tests. As biodegradable and nontoxic triblock copolymers, the novel copolymers demonstrated a great advantage, as they made long-term and single-immunizing vaccines possible; in addition, the copolymers showed a better adjuvant effect and scarcely any side effects.     

KIT基因多态性与荷斯坦牛着色性状的关联分析

牛的被毛颜色是重要的外貌性状。本研究采集北京地区401头荷斯坦母牛血样及21头公牛冻精样品．提取基因组DNA,选取牛6号染色体上KIT基因的4个SNPs位点,利用飞行时间质谱技术检测基因型。通过数码相机照相并进行图像分析计算牛的被毛黑白比例,记录乳头颜色。将基因型和表型数据进行关联分析,结果显示KIT基因的G72792875T住点对被毛比例有显著影响（P〈0．05）,推测KIT基因可能与荷斯坦牛的着色性状的形成相关。