茶园土壤-茶树-茶叶-茶汤中镉转移规律及安全性评价

为论证镉污染土壤种植茶树的安全性与可行性,通过盆钵茶园试验研究了湖南9个主栽茶树品种在不同镉含量土壤中对镉的吸收积累特性和茶汤中镉元素的浸出率。结果表明,在pH值4.1的土壤中,通过根系吸收的镉元素从根系到主干,再到侧枝枝干和茶树叶片的转运过程中,各器官的镉含量依次递减,茶树嫩芽(叶)中镉的富集系数仅0.13~0.24;茶树种植在土壤镉含量低于3.0 mg/kg的土壤中,茶叶没有出现镉超标现象;镉元素在茶汤中的平均浸出率为9.87%,利用膳食暴露风险评估模型对茶叶和茶汤中的镉含量进行风险评估,表明供试茶叶样品中的镉不会对人体健康产生威胁。     

甜樱桃园春季管理技术要点

从果园建立、整形修剪、土肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治和预防晚霜危害等方面介绍了甜樱桃园的春季管理要点,为同时做好疫情防控和果园管理提供参考。     

郴州市辣木引种表现及矮化栽培技术

作为当代一种新资源树种辣木,在营养、保健和医药领域有很高的应用价值,开发前景广阔。本文对郴州地区辣木的引种表现进行了总结,将育苗、定植、矮化栽培管理、采收利用等技术要点进行归纳,为辣木的进一步开发利用提供技术支撑。     

土壤施硅对小麦和麦蚜的影响

为明确土壤施硅对小麦蚜虫的防控效果,本研究在小麦种植前分别配施0（CK）、40、80和120 kg/hm²四个浓度的硅肥,测量施硅后小麦生育期、生物量、叶面积、株高、产量指标以及荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi发生量。结果表明,施硅对小麦株高和穗数无显著影响,但80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后小麦叶面积分别为1 786.03 mm²和2 033.54 mm²,生物量分别为133.68 g和134.50 g,小麦穗粒数分别为35.61粒和35.92粒,小麦千粒重分别为45.34 g和45.59 g,小麦产量分别为9 684.45 kg/hm²和9 835.05 kg/hm²,均显著高于对照,且小麦成熟期较对照提前3 d;80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后禾谷缢管蚜发生量分别为90头和86头,均显著低于对照;40、80和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后荻草谷网蚜发生量分别为128、117和105头,均显著低于对照。因此,田间土壤施硅80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²可以明显改善小麦农艺性状,提高小麦产量,并能减少麦蚜发生量。     

棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究

探究棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防治效果及其促生作用,为筛选用于草莓炭疽病绿色防控的高效生防菌提供资源及应用技术。采用平皿培养法、显微镜观察法和盆栽灌根法测定了棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制、盆栽防效及其对草莓幼苗的促生效果。结果显示,棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽菌LC0220具有较强的竞争、抗生和重寄生作用,菌株GYSW-6m1能迅速占领营养空间,对峙培养3、5和7 d对病菌LC0220抑制率分别为68.06%、71.03%和79.03%,病菌LC0220在含有菌株GYSW-6m1发酵代谢产物平板上培养3、5和7 d抑菌率分别为79.18%、75.81%和76.13%,菌株GYSW-6m1挥发代谢物对病菌LC0220菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用,菌株GYSW-6m1菌丝可通过接触、缠绕和穿透病菌LC0220的菌丝并引起菌丝消解断裂。菌株GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病具有较好的盆栽防治效果,处理LC0220+GYSW-6m1防效最显著,防效高达87.23%,处理GYSW-6m1（3 d）+LC0220和LC0220（3 d）+GYSW-6m1防效分别为52.72%和44.76%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓幼苗具有明显的促生效果,株高、根长、植株总鲜重和植株总干重均显著增加,促生率分别为7.96%、10.42%、22.54%和34.21%。棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1可以作为一种重要的生防资源用于草莓炭疽病的防治,具有一定的实用开发潜力。     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

Molecular mechanisms of Belinostat inhibiting viability of osteosarcoma cells

AIM: To observe the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Belinostat on the viability of osteosarcoma cells and to study the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Osteosarcoma cell lines SAOS-2 and U2OS were incubated with Belinostat at different concentrations in vitro. The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay. The activity of caspase-3/-7 and the DNA fragmentation were detected by fluorescence probe and ELISA, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the levels of histone acetylation, expression of PTEN, caspase-3, Bcl-xL and Akt, and phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and Akt. Finally, the cells were incubated with Belinostat and doxorubicin at different concentrations, and then the combination index (CI) was calculated by MTT. RESULTS: Belinostat at 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L inhibited the viability of U2OS cells and SAOS-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced DNA fragmentation, enhanced caspase-3/-7 activity, and promoted the activation of caspase-3. At the same time, in the SAOS-2 cells, the expression of Bcl-xL was reduced, and the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was increased. The results of Western blot showed that phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β in U2OS cells and SAOS-2 cells were decreased significantly after treatment with Belinostat (P<0.05). MTT results showed that combination of Belinostat and doxorubicin further reduced the viability of U2OS and SAOS-2 cells (CI<1). CONCLUSION: Belinostat inhibits the viability of osteosarcoma cells treated with doxorubicin, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Akt signaling pathway.     

枣AP2/ERF转录因子鉴定及其响应枣疯病植原体表达分析

利用生物信息学方法,从植物转录因子数据库和NCBI数据库中分别得到175和164个候选的枣AP2/ERF转录因子序列,使用DNAMAN软件进行序列比对、去除重复序列,采用SMART软件预测蛋白结构域发现,枣基因组中包含有145个AP2/ERF基因,其中ERF、AP2、RAV亚家族分别含有116个、23个、5个,另有1个独立基因。预测枣AP2/ERF转录因子氨基酸数量在111 ~ 692之间,分子量在12 446.87 ~ 76 154.10之间,pI在4.31 ~ 10.11之间。鉴定出的145个AP2/ERF转录因子,105个分别定位到12条染色体上,40个未能定位。在此基础上,利用嫁接病芽方法将枣疯病植原体转至健康枣植株,通过转录组测序和qRT-PCR手段,分析了AP2/ERF转录因子对枣植原体侵染的响应,在植原体侵染枣的6个不同时期,枣AP2/ERF表达数量和表达量均不相同,共有48个差异表达基因,其中ZjAP2*9、ZjERF49和ZjERF91是响应枣疯病植原体最为重要的AP2/ERF转录因子。     

番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus)的新寄主:水茄(Solanum torvum Swartz)

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a plant virus that is mainly propagated by Bemisia tabaci in a semi-persistent and non-circulative manner.It has a wide range of host plants,and has been reported in many countries,causing serious economic losses in vegetable production.In 2019,we investigated about 10 fields,one ha each in Shouguang,Shandong province (China),and in each field we observed symptoms of interveinal chlorosis on lower leaves of the Solanum torvum Swartz,and a large number of B.tabaci gathered on the back of its leaves.To determine the presence of ToCV,total RNA of S.torvum was extracted followed by RT-PCR.The 1 074 (GenBank accessions number MN545620) and 466 bp (GenBank accessions number MN545621) fragments were gel purified and sequenced.The sequences shared 99.44% and 99.57% similarity with ToCV reference sequence tomato chlorosis virus segment RNA1 (AY903447) and RNA2 (AY903448).The results of insect transmission test confirmed that ToCV can spread from S. torvum to tomato.This study confirms S.torvum as a newly reported host of ToCV.     

中俄东线天然气管道焊接消磁技术试验

长输管道在建设、改线或维抢修作业时,常会遇到管道对口处有磁偏吹现象,使得在焊接施工时,电弧发生偏离,导致焊接缺陷甚至无法焊接施工,严重影响了工程进度及管道的本质安全。中俄东线天然气管道工程采用1422 mm口径、X80钢级管道,以往所采用的消磁方法和消磁设备已无法满足其大口径、高钢级管道的消磁作业。通过分析管道剩磁的产生机理和影响因素,得到不同消磁方法对中俄东线管道的适用性。通过现场试验验证直流消磁法,分析直流消磁和直流焊机消磁的优缺点及工作参数,提出可行性建议。