基于元胞自动机与智能体的水污染可视化模拟仿真

【目的】建立水污染可视化扩散模型,以刻画水污染突发事件的复杂性及满足其应急决策平台对可视化的需求。【方法】构建基于元胞自动机和智能体的三维水污染可视化扩散模型,用元胞自动机刻画研究区流域及所在区域地形,并从元胞空间、元胞状态、演化规则方面扩展普通元胞自动机模型,应用水质Agent描述流域中携带污染物的水体,在此基础上结合3S技术充分展现污染物的扩散运移过程,并将文中模型在渭河宝鸡段水污染事件中进行实例应用。【结果】基于元胞自动机和智能体的三维水污染可视化扩散模型充分展现了流域水污染扩散模拟现象的动态性、复杂性、非线性特点。模型在渭河宝鸡段水污染事件中的应用表明,静态水面元胞层和水下元胞层以及动态水质Agent的结合,简化了污染物在水面及水下不同的扩散运移现象,所建模型合理、可靠,能有效预测及模拟污染物的运移扩散过程;同时利用3S技术对流域空间信息进行了展示分析,满足突发水污染事件应急平台对事件模拟高效率、可视化的要求。【结论】所建模型可以为突发水污染事件提供一种预测和模拟方法。     

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。     

基于Meta分析的猪肌内脂肪QTL整合定位

【目的】通过Meta分析,用数学模型分析与优化定位分散的猪肌内脂肪QTL,提高QTL定位的准确度和有效性,为猪肌内脂肪相关基因的精细定位和基因挖掘奠定基础。【方法】收集猪肌内脂肪QTL及其相关信息,以美国肉畜研究中心（USDA-MARC 2.0）公布的猪遗传连锁图谱为参考图谱,利用BioMercator2.1将各QTL映射到参考图谱上,构建新的整合图谱,得到QTL簇。对得到的QTL簇进行Meta分析,缩短置信区间,定位“真实”QTL(MQTL),减少QTL的定位误差。【结果】收集了67个猪肌内脂肪QTL及相关信息,经比对、映射,构建新的整合图谱,发现了12个QTL簇。通过Meta分析,得到12个MQTL(MQTL1～MQTL12),其图距比原平均图距缩小29.16%～87.40%,其中,MQTL3、MQTL5、MQTL6、MQTL7、MQTL9、MQTL12图距较原平均图距缩小比例均超过50%,其图距分别为7.76,6.72,5.20,19.45,15.61,9.37 cM。【结论】得到了12个猪IMF的MQTL,其图距比原平均图距均有不同程度缩小,最小仅5.20 cM,图距缩小比例最大可达87.40%,提高了QTL定位的准确度和有效性。     

聚合条件对羧甲基纤维素、玉米淀粉双母体高吸水性树脂性能的影响

采用自由基聚合法,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,羧甲基纤维素及玉米淀粉与丙烯酸进行自由基接枝共聚合成吸水剂.并详细考察了中和丙烯酸时,KOH的用量及中和度对高吸水性树脂吸收能力的影响.实验表明:丙烯酸的中和度为95%时,高吸水性树脂对纯水、自来水和生理盐水的吸收率有最高值,分别是592g/g、300g/g和99g/g.当氢氧化钾的中和百分比为1%时,高吸水性树脂对纯水、自来水和生理盐水有最高吸收率,分别为630g/g、340g/g和95g/g.     

Agarose gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins of dogs after sample concentration using a membrane microconcentrator technique

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the cerebral ventricles through ultrafiltration of plasma and active transport mechanisms. Evaluation of proteins in CSF may provide important information about the production of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system as well as possible disturbances in the blood-brain barrier. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure the concentration and fractions of protein in CSF samples using a membrane microconcentrator technique followed by electrophoresis, and to compare the protein fractions obtained with those in serum. METHODS: CSF samples from 3 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with canine distemper virus infection were concentrated using a membrane microconcentrator having a 0.5 to 30,000 d nominal molecular weight limit (Ultrafree, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Protein concentration was determined before and after concentration. Agarose gel electrophoresis was done on concentrated CSF samples, serum, and serial dilutions of one of the CSF samples. RESULTS: Electrophoretic bands were clearly identified in densitometer tracings in CSF samples with protein concentrations as low as 1.3 g/dL. The higher CSF protein concentration in dogs with distemper was mainly the result of increased albumin concentration. CONCLUSION: The microconcentrating method used in this study enables characterization of the main protein fractions in CSF by routine electrophoresis and may be useful for interpreting the underlying cause of changes in CSF protein concentrations.     

提高梅花鹿再生茸产量的研究

于１９９０年３月－６月分别在黑龙江省海林县三部落鹿和吉林省松花湖鹿场进行试验。用止血，提高动物营养和人工降雨增加鹿舍相对湿度的三种方法对梅花鹿再生茸生产生长的影响和潜力进行了研究。研究结果表明：单纯进行锯茸止血或提高动物营养对再生茸的产量没有明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）；在止血和提高动物营养的基础上同时进行人工降雨，可明显中再生茸的产量１７５±２８ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１），使锯口愈合时间提前４．６±０．４ｄ     

Detection of bacterial wilt infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through multifractal analysis applied to remotely sensed data

Potato bacterial wilt, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), affects potato production in several regions in the world. The disease becomes visually detectable when extensive damage to the crop has already occurred. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to test the capability of a remote sensing diagnostic method supported by multispectral and multifractal analyses of the light reflectance signal, to detect physiological and morphological changes in plants caused by the infection. The analysis was carried out using the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) combined with the Multifractal (MF) analysis to assess the variability of high-resolution temporal and spatial signals and the conservative properties of the processes across temporal and spatial scales. The multispectral signal, enhanced by multifractal analysis, detected both symptomatic and latently infected plants, matching the results of ELISA laboratory assessment in 100 and 82%, respectively. Although the multispectral method provided no earlier detection than the visual assessment on symptomatic plants, the former was able to detect asymptomatic latent infection, showing a great potential as a monitoring tool for the control of bacterial wilt in potato crops. Applied to precision agriculture, this capability of the remote sensing diagnostic methodology would provide a more efficient control of the disease through an early and full spatial assessment of the health status of the crop and the prevention of spreading the disease.     

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in enteric Escherichia coli from domestic pets and assessment of associated risk markers using a generalized linear mixed model

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health problem, which is caused by the use of antimicrobials in both human and animal medical practice. The objectives of the present cross-sectional study were as follows: (1) to determine the prevalence of resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of pets from the Porto region of Portugal against 19 antimicrobial agents and (2) to assess the individual, clinical and environmental characteristics associated with each pet as risk markers for the AMR of the E. coli isolates.     

内蒙古芹菜根腐病病株和健株根域土壤的微生物生态研究

【目的】探讨内蒙古芹菜根腐病发生的微生物生态机制,为利用微生态调控技术防治蔬菜根腐病提供科学依据。【方法】采用稀释平板法,以内蒙古根腐病芹菜病株和健株的根区土壤、根表土壤和根系为研究对象,研究了根域微生物数量及其组成;同时利用CTAB法对优势真菌的组成进行了分析,并进行了分子生物学鉴定。【结果】(1)就根区土壤而言,发病初期病株细菌和真菌的数量分别较健株有所减少,而在发病中、晚期,病株细菌和真菌数量均较健株有所增加。(2)就根表土壤而言,发病初期病株细菌数量较健株减少,发病中期和晚期的细菌数量均较健株大幅提高;发病初、中和晚期根表土壤的真菌数量均高于健株。(3)发病初、中和晚期,根区和根表土壤中的细菌/真菌(B/F)值均大幅度减小,表明病原真菌所占比例大幅度提高,土壤由细菌型向真菌型转变。(4)分子生物学鉴定表明,优势病原真菌分别为接骨木镰刀菌(Fusarium sambucinum)、链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)和尖孢镰刀菌芬芳变种(Fusarium oxysporum var.redolens),这3种病原真菌在根区、根表土壤及根内的数量远远高于常见真菌。【结论】内蒙芹菜根腐病的发生与根区、根表土壤中的微生物区系异常变化及3种病原真菌数量的大幅度增加密切相关。     

Serum and intratumoural GH and IGF-I concentrations: Prognostic factors in the outcome of canine mammary cancer

The biological implication of the growth hormone/insulin like growth factor-I (GH/IGF-I) axis in canine mammary tumours (CMT) has been recently demonstrated, however its clinical and prognostic implications are unknown. Our aim was to investigate its prognostic significance.Hormonal determinations were done by enzyme immunoassays techniques validated for canine species in serum and tumour tissue from 32 bitches with CMT and in serum and normal mammary tissue from 10 controls. Serum and tissular GH and IGF-I concentrations were significantly higher in the case of malignant tumour compared with benign and controls. GH and IGF-I elevated concentrations were significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or metastases during follow-up and in dogs with reduced survival times; however these parameters were not independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. This association demonstrates a link between high serum and intratumoural GH and IGF-I concentrations and a worse prognosis and opens the possibility to new anticancer endocrine therapies in dogs.