家蚕来源肠球菌DNA多态性的RAPD分析

运用随机扩增多态性DNA(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA,RAPD)技术,对从家蚕消化道中分离的表现为生理生化特性多样性的14个肠球菌分离菌株和3个标准菌株进行了DNA多态性研究。应用筛选的8条随机引物,共扩增出625个位点,其中997%为多态性位点,表明供试菌株具有丰富的DNA多态性。对扩增结果进行聚类分析,供试菌株分为Entfaecalis、Entfaecium、Entcasseliflavus、Entavium等4个类群,与其数值鉴定结果呈相同趋势。     

Novel quantitative trait loci for yield and yield related traits identified in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa)

Increasing crop productivity is one of the prime goals of crop breeding research. Rice grain yield is a complex quantitative trait governed by polygenes. Although several QTLs governing grain yield traits have been reported and limited attempts have been made to map QTLs for grain yield parameters in Basmati rice. A population from the cross Sonasal and Pusa Basmati 1121 comprising 352 RILs was generated through the single seed descent method. A total of 12 QTLs governing yield and yield-related traits were mapped on six chromosomes, namely, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9, of which five QTLs were novel. We identified a novel and robust epistatic QTL (qPH1.1 and qPL1.1) governing plant height and panicle length, flanked by the markers RM5336-RM1 on chromosome 1. The gene encoding brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 precursor is the putative candidate gene underlying this epistatic QTL. Another novel QTL, qNT3.1, governing tiller number was bracketed to a region of .77 Mb between the markers RM15247 and RM15281 on chromosome 3. Of the 57 annotated gene models, Os03g0437600 encoding alpha/beta-fold hydrolase, a homologous to AtKai2 is a putative candidate gene underlying the novel QTL qNT3.1. The other QTLs such as qDFF1.1 governing days to 50% flowering co-localizes with the gene Ghd7, QTL for plant height qPH1.2 co-localizes with the gene sd1, the QTLs for panicle length co-localizes with FUWA and DEP2, the QTL for tiller number co-localizes with OsRLCK57 and QTLs for thousand-grain weight co-localize with the major gene GS3. The QTLs identified in the current study can be effectively used in marker-assisted selection for developing Basmati rice varieties with a higher yield.     

Genetic analysis and identification of SSR marker linked to Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

The present investigation was carried out to decipher inheritance of resistance and to identify linked SSR markers for Phomopsis blight resistance in eggplant. An F₂ population comprising 161 plants was developed from the cross of Pusa Kranti and BR-40-7. Genetic analysis was carried out using Chi square test. Artificial inoculation of fruits was carried out using pin prick method, and scoring was done as per the standard scoring scale. The F₂ plants segregated into 92 susceptible (77—highly susceptible, 15—susceptible): 69 resistant (17—highly resistant, 27—resistant, 25—moderately resistant) suggesting complimentary epistasis with ratio of 9:7. To identify the putatively linked markers to resistance gene, parental polymorphic markers were subjected to bulk segregant analysis (BSA), and two markers (emk03O04 and emf11A03) could differentiate resistant and susceptible bulk and co-segregated with resistance gene. The genetic distance between the identified markers was found to be 18.12 cM using QTL IciMapping V3.2 software depicting two new QTLs on chromosome number 6. The identified QTLs have great significant importance in marker assisted breeding programme.     

基于GIS的流域土壤侵蚀和产沙量模型（摘选）

基于USLE模型利用地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感（RS）对Wadsa-Chincholi流域年土壤流失量空间分布进行调查。空间输入数据由Arc GIS 9.3和RS（ERDAS IMAGINE 9.3图像处理软件）提供,利用USLE对网格内年均输沙量的空间分布进行预测。USLE参数基本单元的网格单元尺寸（GCS）分别为50 m×50 m、100 m×100 m和200 m×200 m。根据流域出口对年均输沙量进行估算。此外,将利用通用土壤流失方程（USLE）估算的产沙量与观测值进行对比。利用USLE模型预测得到50 m×50 m、100 m×100 m和200 m×200 m的年均输沙量分别为在63.80、18.83和3.67 t（hm2·年）。200 m×200 m GCS预测值与观测得到的产沙量基本相符。因此,在200 m×200 m GCS情况下,利用USLE模型得到的预测结果能够用于对Wadsa-Chincholi流域产沙量空间分布的研究。从水土保持角度来看,研究区域涵盖了侵蚀非常严重、侵蚀严重、侵蚀非常高、高度侵蚀和中度侵蚀类,这都需要引起重视。      

Modelling of wetting pattern under trickle source in sandy soil of Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh (India)

Wetting pattern can be obtained by either direct measurement of soil wetting in field, which is site specific, or by simulation using some models. Use of numerical or analytical flow models for design purpose is considered cumbersome and impractical in many situations. Therefore, present study was undertaken to develop a model for wetting pattern under trickle source in sandy soil of Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh. In the present study, the drip irrigation system was operated to record observed wetting front advance (vertical and horizontal) of emitters with flow rates of 2, 4 and 10?l?h^?1. A fixed quantity of 4?l of water was applied to the bare dry soil kept in a container of perspex sheet (1?m?×?1?m?×?0.9?m). The wetting front advance was observed just after irrigation and its subsequent redistribution after 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 48?h respectively after irrigation. Using Buckingham π theorem, a semi-empirical model was developed to simulate the wetting front pattern under trickle point source at the end of irrigation. Performance of the model just after irrigation was evaluated by comparing estimated values against observed values using F test, t test, ME and RMSE values. The redistribution of the wetting front geometry with respect to elapsed time was modelled with regression analysis using four models viz. linear, logarithmic, exponential and power. Power function was found to be the best fit for horizontal wetting front (W) as well as vertical wetting front advance (Z) based on the highest R ² value.     

沙棘油对犬科动物(狗)消炎能力的评估

用沙棘种子油对狗(12只，性别随机)的急性消炎能力进行了研究。急性炎症试验部位都选择在狗的背部。使用游标卡尺连续7d测量皮肤上发炎部位的情况来检测沙棘种子油的消炎能力。结果说明沙棘种子油有抗炎的能力。同时使用棉球肉芽肿瘤测定法测定了沙棘种子油对狗(12只)皮肤的慢急性炎症的消炎能力。沙棘油对狗皮肤慢性炎症的抗感染能力太弱以致于无法检测到。     

Response of upland cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">G.hirsutum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes to drought stress using drought tolerance indices

Drought tolerance as such is often not considered to be an independent trait by plant breeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight drought tolerance indices, namely stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), yield reduction ratio (Yr), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and stress tolerance index (STI) in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) genotypes. For this purpose, 16 genotypes were sampled during the 2013-2014 growing seasons under both normal and drought-stress field conditions at the Main Cotton Research Station of Navsari Agricultural University, Surat, India. The drought tolerance indices were calculated based on seed cotton yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Mean comparison of drought tolerance indices and seed cotton yield validated the significant influences of drought stress on yield as well as significant differences among genotypes. Results of calculated correlation coefficients and multivariate analyses showed that GMP, MP and STI indices were able to discriminate drought-sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis using the drought-tolerance indices divided the 16 genotypes into tolerant and susceptible groups. Two genotypes, G.Cot.16 × H-1353/10 and H-1353/10 × G.Cot.16 gave good yield response under drought conditions leading to their stability during water stress conditions. Based on multivariate analyses using the indices individually or in combinations, it was possible to identify the most yield-stable genotypes across the environments. Overall, we concluded that GMP, MP and STI indices can be efficiently exploited not only for screening drought tolerance but also to identify superior genotypessuitable for both stress and non-stress field conditions.