食源性抗菌药耐药性风险分析指南介绍

介绍了2011年国际食品法典委员会(CAC)制定的《食源性抗菌药耐药性风险分析指南》主要内容,为非人用抗菌药相关的食源性抗菌药耐药性应用及我国制定抗菌新兽药的安全评价原则、风险评估方案和管理政策提供参考.     

鸡白介素18基因原核表达质粒构建

根据已发表的江西土鸡白介素 -1 8(Ch IL-1 8) c DNA编码基因序列设计引物 ,用PCR技术从 p MDCh IL-1 8质粒扩增出编码鸡IL-1 8成熟蛋白基因 ,重组于 p BV2 2 0表达载体上 ,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 JM1 0 9(DE3 ) ,转化子经温度诱导的表达产物 ,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定约 2万 ,N端开头 1 5个氨基酸序列测定分析 ,证明获得了鸡 IL-1 8成熟蛋白 ,为今后深入研究鸡 IL -1 8的生物学特性及其临床应用打下了基础     

Adhesion of Escherichia coli K88ab fimbriae to porcine enterocytes: effect on enzymatic activities of the brush border, and cyclic AMP and GMP levels

We have studied the cellular alterations, after in vitro adherence, of purified K88ab fimbriae to membranes of porcine enterocytes. Effects on enzymatic activities as disaccharydases and alkaline phosphatase show low changes. While cAMP levels were decreased (44%), guanylyl cyclase was increased (up to 200%), and levels of cGMP were in consequence significantly affected. This study support the role of cyclic GMP as intracellular mediator for adherence, and suggest their implication in disease, affecting a membrane-mediated mechanisms for guanylate cyclase activation, that is unique in the intestine.     

法系獭兔血液中AKP活性与体尺、体重性状的关系

对20只40日龄法系獭兔和20只68日龄法系獭兔（公、母各半）血液中AKP活性进行了测定，并分析了40日龄与68日龄法系獭兔血液中AKP活性与体重、体长、胸围的相关性。结果表明：40日龄时法系獭兔血液中AKP活性高于68日龄；日龄相同时，公兔活性显著高于母兔（P＜0.05）；40日龄AKP活性与体重有较为密切的关系，其他相关则不显著。     

Short communication: investigation of the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle

Icelandic Cattle is a local dairy cattle breed in Iceland. With about 26,000 breeding females, it is by far the largest among the indigenous Nordic cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle. Pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) were compared. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion of estimated breeding values (EBV) for milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), and somatic cell score (SCS) were estimated in a cross validation-based design. Accuracy (r^) was estimated by the correlation between EBV and corrected phenotype in a validation set. The accuracy (r^) of predictions using ssGBLUP increased by 13, 23, 19, and 20 percentage points for MY, FY, PY, and SCS for genotyped animals, compared with PBLUP. The accuracy of nongenotyped animals was not improved for MY and PY, but increased by 0.9 and 3.5 percentage points for FY and SCS. We used the linear regression (LR) method to quantify relative improvements in accuracy, bias (Δ^), and dispersion (b^) of EBV. Using the LR method, the relative improvements in accuracy of validation from PBLUP to ssGBLUP were 43%, 60%, 50%, and 48% for genotyped animals for MY, FY, PY, and SCS. Single-step GBLUP EBV were less underestimated (Δ^), and less overdispersed (b^) than PBLUP EBV for FY and PY. Pedigree-based BLUP EBV were close to unbiased for MY and SCS. Single-step GBLUP underestimated MY EBV but overestimated SCS EBV. Based on the average accuracy of 0.45 for ssGBLUP EBV obtained in this study, selection intensities according to the breeding scheme of Icelandic Cattle, and assuming a generation interval of 2.0 yr for sires of bulls, sires of dams and dams of bulls, genetic gain in Icelandic Cattle could be increased by about 50% relative to the current breeding scheme.     

植物精油在养蜂业中的应用前景

近年来,蜜蜂种群受到多种病敌害的威胁,世界蜂群数量急剧减少,严重影响养蜂业的健康持续发展。植物精油是植物体内的一类次生代谢物质,具有杀虫、抗菌等多种生物活性。相比于其他化学药物,精油具有安全、无污染、不易产生抗药性等优点,在蜜蜂疾病防治方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了植物精油在5种重要蜜蜂病害(蜂螨、美洲幼虫腐臭病、白垩病、曲霉病和蜜蜂微孢子虫病)防治方面的研究进展。     

免耕播种机缺口圆盘刀有限元静强度分析

采用ANSYS软件对免耕播种机缺口圆盘刀进行了有限元静强度分析.通过定义单元类型、材料属性,对圆盘刀进行了网格划分,从而生成了圆盘刀的有限元模型,载荷为切割作物秸秆的切割阻力以及切破地表、挤开土壤的切土阻力.通过求解圆盘刀的有限元模型,得到刀片的应力分布图,为缺口圆盘刀的设计和优化提供了理论依据.     

基于FLUENT的单-双涡室离心泵径向力分析

以某电厂3715L型脱硫泵为模型,应用商业软件FLUENT,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对单-双涡室离心泵内部流场进行模拟,分析了这两种泵静压力和速度场的分布规律,并对径向力进行了计算分析.通过对比分析发现,单涡室离心泵在非设计工况点时隔舌两侧区域出现较大压差,作用于叶轮产生径向力,小流量时叶轮出口出现不对称的高速流体;双涡室结构能够有效地改善非设计工况点时压水室能量的转化,小流量时叶轮出口的高速液体呈对称分布,从而降低了压水室压差,起到了平衡径向力的作用;通过计算发现,偏离工况点时双涡室结构设计能有效地减小径向力.数值模拟的结果与现有理论的基本吻合,实际运行情况稳定,可以为更好地认识和设计双涡室离心泵提供依据.     

船用冷却泵的数值模拟与优化设计

为了适应船用泵的发展,研制开发新型高效船用冷却泵,采用了Fluent模拟泵内流场,对CB80—65—125型船用冷却泵进行优化．模拟分析了设计工况下,叶轮优化前后,叶片背面与工作面的相对速度分布及z=0平面上的静压分布．根据模拟得到的结果,通过修改叶片进口安放角和叶片形状,对泵进行了优化设计,并对叶轮优化前后的流场进行了分析比较．对泵做了性能试验,并将试验结果与模拟结果作了对比．结果表明,叶轮内部流场和相对速度分布都得到了改善,优化后的叶轮形状更符合流动特性,泵流量和扬程都能满足要求,高效区宽,设计工况点的效率提高了3．56％．因此,结合Fluent模拟泵内流场来进行优化设计的方法是可行的．