Pseudoalteromone B: A Novel 15C Compound from a Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX

A novel 15C compound, pseudoalteromone B (1), possessing a novel carbon skeleton, was obtained from a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. CGH2XX. This bacterium was originally isolated from a cultured-type octocoral Lobophytum crassum, that was growing in cultivating tanks equipped with a flow-through sea water system. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic methods. Pseudoalteromone B (1) displayed a modestly inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.     

Induction of Apoptosis by Sinulariolide from Soft Coral through Mitochondrial-Related and p38MAPK Pathways on Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells

Sinulariolide, an isolated compound from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, possesses the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptosis-inducing activities against the TSGH bladder carcinoma cell. The anti-tumor effects of sinulariolide were determined by 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Sinulariolide inhibited the growth and migration of bladder carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as induced both early and late apoptosis as determined by the flow cytometer. Also, the sinulariolide-induced apoptosis is related to the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-3/-9, Bax and Bad, as well as suppression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Mcl-1. Detection of the PARP-1 cleaved product suggested the partial involvement of caspase-independent pathways. Moreover, inhibition of p38MAPK activity leads to the rescue of the cell cytotoxicity of sinulariolide-treated TSGH cells, indicating that the p38MAPK pathway is also involved in the sinulariolide-induced cell apoptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that sinulariolide induces apoptosis against bladder cancer cells through mitochondrial-related and p38MAPK pathways.     

Natural Product Chemistry of Gorgonian Corals of the Family Plexauridae Distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean

The structures, names, bioactivities and references of 105 natural products obtained from gorgonian corals belonging to the family Plexauridae with an Indo-Pacific distribution are described in this review. All compounds mentioned in this review were obtained from gorgonian corals belonging to the genera Astrogorgia, Bebryce, Echinomuricea, Euplexaura and Menella.     

基于自动取阈分割算法的秸秆覆盖率检测系统

在分析保护性耕作地块覆盖秸秆和土壤亮度存在差异的基础上,以MATLAB为工具,采用自动取阈图像分割算法,提取田间实拍图像中的秸秆及土壤信息,统计图像中秸秆覆盖面积,利用秸秆覆盖率算法实现对地表秸秆覆盖率的自动检测。系统经田间模拟试验校正后,田间测试误差可控制在4%以内,平均检测效率可提高约72倍,为开展保护性耕作技术秸秆覆盖研究提供了一种可行有效的方法。     

日本金竹文化论

日本的金竹文化鲜明体现在古代战争、传统节日、文学等方面,具有历史悠久、内涵深刻、表现广泛等特点。近代以后金竹文化低迷,但仍然是日本竹文化中最具神圣文化内涵的部分。     

螺旋离心泵轴向力的数值计算与分析

针对螺旋离心泵轴向力求解时,数学模型建立和方程难以封闭等问题,为了实现螺旋离心泵轴向力的定量求解,研究其轴向力受介质的影响和随介质的变化规律,以150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵为研究对象,选用清水和两相流含沙水作为介质,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,建立相对坐标系下的时均连续方程及Navier-Stocks方程,并采用标准k-ε方程湍流模型和SIM-PLE算法进行数值模拟,得到螺旋离心泵内流场的压力分布后计算出轴向力,从而避开了单纯数学上定量求解螺旋离心泵轴向力的许多难题.在此前提下,通过研究在固液两相流介质中,颗粒体积分数、颗粒直径及不同的流量对轴向力的影响和变化规律,结果表明：螺旋离心泵的轴向力随两相流介质体积分数的增大而增大;随流量和颗粒粒径的增大反而减小.该结论对于提高螺旋离心泵的稳定性和延长其使用寿命具有重要意义.     

基于三维建模和数值模拟的CNG发动机进气系统分析

发动机进气系统的结构直接影响到发动机各缸的燃烧情况以及热负荷等各项性能,利用CFD技术建立三维流动模型,根据CFD计算经验将进气管内的气体流动视为三维可压缩定常流动。根据进气系统的CAD图利用GAMBIT软件建立三维模型并进行网格划分,最后用FLUENT软件进行三维流动的模拟计算,得到流场内各处流体速度的分布和变化情况,计算出各歧管出口处的流体质量流量,并分析了进气的不均匀性。     

CNG发动机气缸盖及冷却水套流-固耦合模拟分析及改进

发动机正常工作时气缸盖承受较大的热负荷并且工作环境很恶劣,通过运用Pro/E、FLUENT等软件可以对缸盖进行比较理想和可靠的热负荷分析,在此基础上提出改善和优化的方法,并通过试验方法对比了改进前后相关部件的工作情况。     

Optimization of Hydrolysis Conditions for the Production of the Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Sea Cucumber Collagen Hydrolysates

The effects of different hydrolysis conditions on the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of giant red sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus) collagen hydrolysates were investigated. Optimal conditions predicted by central composite rotatable design (CCDR) modeling for producing ACE inhibitory peptides were found to be 54.9°C, 1.76 h and an enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratio of 0.064. Compared with experiments performed under these optimal conditions, the predicted degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE inhibitory activities had error rates of 3 to 6%. Under optimum conditions, the molecular weights of collagen hydrolysates were less than 6.5 kDa. Lineweaver-Burk plots suggest that the collagen hydrolysates acted as competitive inhibitors with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.706 mg/mL.     

Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Seafood by Multiplex PCR

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen frequently found in seafood. Once the seafood is contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus, it can become a vehicle for foodborne illness. The conventional culture methods for detection of V. parahaemolyticus are time-consuming and cannot differentiate pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic ones. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was investigated for detecting tdh, chiA, and toxR of V. parahaemolyticus. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was determined by testing 28 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 15 non-V. parahaemolyticus strains, and fresh seafood spiked with cells of V. parahaemolyticus. All the strains were analyzed for production of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and chitinase. This study showed that both the chiA and toxR are excellent markers for detecting V. parahaemolyticus strains, and a multiplex PCR targeting chiA and tdh genes can be applied to simultaneously detect environmental and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus.