蛋鸡种蛋蛋重对孵化率和雏鸡生长发育的影响

将豫州褐壳蛋的种蛋按重量大小分成6组，在相同的条件下进行孵化和饲养试验。结果表明，蛋重在53－56克的种蛋，其受精蛋孵化率最高；不同的蛋重对雏鸡的初生重以及雏鸡在1－3周龄的体重影响较大，蛋重与初生重（γ=0．9899）、1周龄体重（γ＝0．9528）的相关极显著；蛋重与2周龄体重（γ＝0．9032）、3周龄体重（γ＝0．9040）相关显著，与3周龄以后雏鸡体重相关不显著。     

美国养禽业促进计划(NPIP)对我国动物疫病防控工作的借鉴性

动物疫病一直是困扰我国畜牧业发展的首要难题。这突出表现在以下两个方面：(一)我国畜牧业在疫病防治上成本非常高，以养禽业为例，疫病防治成本约占养禽总成本额10％，是发达国家的10倍左右；(二)动物疫病严重阻碍我国畜禽产品出口，以养禽业为例，我国禽产品总量约占世界的1／4，但我国禽产品出口却只占世界禽产品出口总额的2％，疫病是其重要原因之一。     

Suspected epidural morphine analgesia induced chronic urinary and bowel dysfunction in a cat

A 12-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair developed chronic urinary retention, constipation and a decreased perineal reflex following a single lumbo-sacral epidural injection of morphine during general anesthesia. Similar adverse effects have been reported in humans following epidural analgesia, but this is the first reported case of both urinary and bowel dysfunction in a cat purportedly from an epidural. The cat was medically managed with manual bladder expressions, intermittent enemas, and various medications including bethanechol, cisapride and stool softeners. The cat continues to have long-term neurologic dysfunction 15 months post-onset. This case report describes a rare but serious potential risk of lumbo-sacral epidural injections in cats.     

生态公路建设中野生动物保护意义与对策

随着公路建设的飞速发展,生态公路作为公路建设新理念受到了相关部门的高度重视,本文在总结国内外生态公路研究和实际工作经验的基础上,分析了生态公路内涵,并指出野生动物保护在生态公路建设中的意义以及保护对策,这对今后的生态公路建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

日粮添加LA和DHA对乳脂脂肪酸含量及比值的影响

本试验选用带有永久性瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,研究日粮添加亚油酸(LA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对乳常规组成、消化道各段食糜pH以及乳脂脂肪酸构成的影响.试验结果表明:添加LA和DHA不影响乳蛋白和乳糖含量(P>0.05),而添加DHA有显著降低乳脂含量的趋势(P>0.05);日粮共同添加LA与DHA能提高十二指肠前消化道的pH,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加DHA显著降低了回肠的pH(P<0.05);日粮单独添加DHA增加乳脂中C23:0脂肪酸的含量,但并不降低乳脂中总饱和脂肪酸量.与对照组相比,LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中总多不饱和脂肪酸增加了100%(P<0.05).LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸由3.18降低至1.24(P<0.05).添加DFIA使乳脂中总单不饱和脂肪酸/多不饱和脂肪酸由5.94降低至3.00(P<0.05).上述研究结果表明,日粮添加LA和DHA可改变乳脂中脂肪酸的组成和比例,有利于人体健康,但DHA使产奶量有一定程度的降低.     

我国台湾地区H5亚型禽流感病毒遗传进化分析

2019年以来,我国台湾地区多次暴发H5亚型禽流感疫情,病原包括H5N2、H5N5、H7N7等亚型禽流感病毒。为了解台湾地区流行的H5亚型禽流感病毒的分子流行特点,下载GenBank Influenza Virus Database和GISAID中公布的台湾地区所有H5亚型禽流感病毒HA序列,对近年来公开报道的台湾地区流行的H5亚型禽流感病毒进行遗传进化分析,并与大陆地区流行的H5亚型禽流感病毒进行比较。结果显示:台湾地区同时存在欧亚谱系和美洲谱系两个分支的H5亚型禽流感病毒流行,而大陆地区流行的H5亚型病毒都是欧亚谱系。欧亚谱系中,台湾地区流行的主要是第2.3.4.4a分支病毒,而大陆地区流行的主要是2.3.4.4d分支病毒,两个地区流行的H5病毒谱系并不完全一致。由于台湾地区的禽流感生态系统与大陆地区南方相似,因此台湾地区流行的美洲谱系H5亚型禽流感病毒有通过野鸟传播传入大陆地区的潜在风险,应提高警惕,加强禽流感调查监测,严厉查处非法走私禽类及其产品的活动。本研究为我国H5亚型禽流感防控提供了信息支持。     

Influences of quorum‐quenching probiotic bacteria on the gut microbial community and immune function in weaning pigs

The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic gut microbial diversity in weaning swine after administering feed supplemented with probiotic bacteria that specifically inhibit the activity of quorum molecules. Initially, the universal quorum molecule autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) bioassay results indicated that AI‐2 activity was profoundly inhibited in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 30SC cell extract, although the growth of EHEC was not affected. Based on plate counting results, bacterial community analysis revealed a specific reduction in coliforms compared to the control, whereas the population of lactobacilli increased in weaning swine in in vivo trials. Supplementation with L. acidophilus strain 30SC did not affect the counts of other communities, such as total aerobes and yeast/mold. In addition, PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed a significant difference in the 16S rRNA gene products after administering L. acidophilus strain 30SC. Selected bands were sequenced, and most of them were identified as uncultured bacterium clones or a Lactobacillus‐ and Bifidobacterium‐specific community. Therefore, our results indicate that quorum‐quenching probiotic bacteria can significantly modulate the gut microbiota of swine and these beneficial effects can contribute to the improvement of performance and health in the gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs.     

鸡静注,肌注及内服氟哌酸的药物动力学研究

选用４２只健康ＡＡ鸡，分３组（每组１４只）进行药物动力学研究：静注、肌注及内服的剂量均为１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。用二氯甲烷提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆氟哌酸的浓度，测定时以吡哌酸为内标。所得药物一时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理，静注给药拟合二室开放模型，主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．１４±０．０８ｈ，ｔ１／２β３．６５±１．０３ｈ，Ｋｅ０．８８±０．４０ｈ－１，Ｖｄ３．８１±０．９８Ｌ／ｋｇ，ＡＵＣ１４．１４±３．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。内服和肌注给药均适合具有一级吸收二室开放模型，肌注的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．０３±０．６５ｈ，ｔ１／２β６．８７±２．８６ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２８±０．１０ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ９．８６±２．８８μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６９．７８％。内服的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．６９±０．２３ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．７６±０．８９ｈ，ｔ１／２β１０．４３±３．２２ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２１±０．０５ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ８．５６±１．３６μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６０．５２％。鸡静注、肌注、内服氟哌酸的药动学特征是吸收较快，在体内分布广泛、半衰期较长。     

遗传连锁方法的历史,现状与发展

本文简要介绍了遗传学当中的连锁分析方法的历史，现状及其近几十年的发展，并对这些方法的优缺点进行了评价。     

Optimizing the Conditions for In Vitro Maturation and Artificial Activation of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum) Oocytes

With the goal of establishing experimental protocols for cloning sika deer, various conditions for in vitro maturation (IVM) and artificial activation of sika deer oocytes were examined. In vitro maturation was evaluated in seven different culture media. The highest rate of oocyte maturation was 75.4% in 10 μg/ml follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), 1 μg/ml LH, 0.2 mm cysteamine and 50 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF) after 24 h of IVM. The efficiency after 24 h of IVM did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that observed after 20 h. Cysteamine (0.2 mm ) significantly increased the maturation rates after 20 h (from 59.1% to 67.2%, p < 0.05) and after 24 h (from 63.2% to 71.6%, p < 0.05) of IVM. The IVM rates of oocytes collected during the oestrous season (75.4%) and the anoestrous season (23.3%) were significantly different at 24 h. The 20 μg/ml FSH, 2 μg/ml LH, 0.4 mm cysteamine and 100 ng/ml EGF significantly increased the maturation rates (from 23.3% to 54.2%, p < 0.01) at 24 h during the anoestrous season. For the activation experiments, the most effective method was chemical activation [ionomycin + 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP)], which promoted the development of sika deer oocytes to the blastocyst stage (32.4%). Our results indicate that in vitro matured sika deer oocytes are good candidates for parthenogenetic activation and that chemical treatment is needed for relatively efficient activation of the oocytes. These optimized conditions for IVM and parthenogenetic activation may be useful for efforts to restore populations of the endangered sika deer using the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique.