条锈菌诱导上调表达的小麦腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶（SAMDC）基因的克隆及其特征分析

为了克隆条锈菌诱导上调表达的小麦腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶（SAMDC）基因并研究其在小麦感病、抗病单株苗期抗条锈病防御反应中的作用,以大麦（Hordeum vulgareL.）SAMDC全长cDNA序列为信息探针,采用电子克隆、RACE（Rapid amplification of cDNA ends）和RT-PCR方法,从条锈菌（Puccinia stri-iformisf.sp.tritici）CYR32侵染的小麦（Triticum aestivumL.）抗条锈病新种质NR1121中分离出1个新的小麦SAMDC基因家族成员,命名为TaSAMDC2（GU016570）。TaSAMDC2基因cDNA序列全长2 003 bp,5′非翻译区区域和一个带有Poly（A）的3′非翻译区区域长分别为553和283 bp;该基因的开放阅读框为1 167 bp,编码388个氨基酸,编码的氨基酸序列包含酶原剪切位点和PEST结构域。基因组序列全长2 539bp,位于5′UTR存在一个526 bp长的内含子序列,内含子的剪切位点均符合真核生物GT-AG规则。同源序列分析表明,TaSAMDC2与来自大麦、水稻（Oryza sativaL.）、玉米（Zea maysL.）、一粒小麦（TriticummonococcumL.）4种植物SAMDC蛋白的相似性分别为95.0%、85.0%、80.0%和80.0%。半定量RT-PCR与实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,TaSAMDC2的表达受条锈菌诱导,小麦苗期经条锈菌侵染后,在抗病材料中,该基因于48 hpi上调表达至最高水平,而在感病材料中先下调、上调表达至最高水平明显滞后。结果提示,分离到的是一个条锈菌CYR32诱导后上调表达的小麦SAMDC基因,该基因可能参与了小麦的抗条锈病反应。     

Investigation of jute-lignin-poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) hybrid biodegradable composites with low water absorption

This study developed a novel PHB-lignin-jute biodegradable composite with preferable mechanical properties and low water absorption. The appearances of fracture surface of composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The result suggested a Gaussian-like distribution of the size particles supporting the presence of lignin with a radius smaller than 0.5 μm. According to X-ray diffraction, the presence of lignin and jute fibers was decreased the crystallization of PHB. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of PHB increased, and the endotherm during glass transition was decreased. The maximum tensile strength and modulus of composites were obtained with 30 wt% jute fiber contents and 4 wt% lignin contents. The presence of jute fibers was largely increased the water absorption of composites. However, the presence of lignin was effectively decreased the water absorption of composites at saturation levels.     

HPLC和GC分析人参中腐酶利残留含量

目的建立人参样品中农药腐酶利残留含量测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法：SYMMETRYC18150mm×4．6mm（i．d）色谱柱,以乙腈一水（60：40）为流动相,检测波长为220nm;气相色谱法：30m×0．32mm（内径）×0．25μm（膜厚）,AB—1石英毛细管柱,外标法,ECD检测器进行定量分析。结果,HPLC、GC法测得的人参样品中腐酶利含量分别为6201μg／kg、636μg／kg。结论简便、快速,适合人参中农药腐霉利残留含量检测。     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫对高粱幼苗生理特性的影响

选用两个甜高粱和一个粒用高粱品种：‘高粱蔗’、‘四丽美’和‘河农16’,利用PEG6000对供试品种进行干旱胁迫处理,测定这3个品种不同处理时间和浓度的保护酶系活力和渗透调节物质（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活力、可溶性糖含量）的变化,并进行抗旱性分析,结果表明：胁迫处理下这3个品种的SOD、CAT、POD酶活力和可溶性糖含量均表现为‘高粱蔗’最高,‘四丽美’次之,‘河农16’最低,即‘高粱蔗’抗旱性最强,‘河农16’最差;不同品种类型之间保护酶系活力和渗透调节物质变化不同,抗旱能力存在差异,即甜高粱品种的抗旱能力强于普通粒用高粱品种。     

草茎点霉粗毒素的产生条件及活性测定

为了寻求能够充分发挥草茎点霉粗毒素活性的最佳培养条件,笔者利用有机溶剂萃取草茎点霉发酵液,获得粗毒素,采用针刺法、种子萌发法确定草茎点霉毒素合适的提取条件及对鸭跖草的致病性。结果表明：草茎点霉胞外毒素活性较高,3种有机溶剂中乙酸乙酯萃取效果最好,产毒的最佳条件为：培养温度32℃、培养时间14天、培养方式为150 r/min震荡培养。粗毒素浓度在1000 μg/mL时种子萌发抑制率为26.09%,病斑面积达到6.85 mm2。萃取毒素采用有机溶剂的种类以及培养温度、培养时间、培养方式对草茎点霉粗毒素的活性影响很大。     

国产决明属生理生化特性与系统分类的关系

以国产决明属（Cassia）4种植物为实验材料,采用愈创木酚法和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳对其抗逆指标和过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶进行测定,分析其系统树与传统决明属系统分类之间的差异。结果表明：发芽1天的过氧化物酶活性和3天的MDA含量差异显著,可作为探讨其亲缘关系的指标之一。发现POD同工酶带12条,4种决明没有共同拥有的条带,决明属植物的特征性酶带主要分布在b区和a区。与传统分类不同,抗逆指标和同工酶分析结果都表明,槐叶决明（Cassia sophera）与豆茶决明（C. nomame）亲缘关系最近,翅荚决明（C. alata）次之,决明（C. tora）与其他种亲缘关系最远,属于另一支。     

有机溶剂盐溶液分离二醇型人参皂苷的研究

为确定分离二醇型人参皂苷最佳的有机溶剂及其用量。采用二醇型人参皂苷单体在有机溶剂CaCl2盐溶液中的不同溶解度进行萃取,经高效液相色谱检测,得出最优的有机溶剂及其用量。结果显示丙酮CaCl2盐溶液分离二醇型人参皂苷效果最佳。分离萃取二醇型人参皂苷最佳条件为皂苷(g):5% CaCl2(mL):丙酮(mL)=4:5:35。     

Deformation induced by ethanol substitution in normal and tension wood of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and simarouba (Simarouba amara Aubl.)

Wood deformation in the longitudinal and tangential directions induced by ethanol substitution and oven-drying was measured in normal wood (NW) and tension wood (TW) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) (TW with G-fibres) and simarouba (Simarouba amara Aubl.) (TW without G-fibres). The results show that with increased concentration of ethanol solution TW tends to contract, regardless of the presence or absence of G-fibres. In contrast, both NW and opposite wood expand at different rates in the longitudinal direction. These results are discussed and explained by the role of stress state at cell wall level.     

Effect of citral,eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol on the ultrastructural changes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The antifungal effects of citral, eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol on Trichophyton mentagrophytes were investigated. Citral over 0.1 mg/ml strongly inhibited the hyphal growth of T. mentagrophytes, and the antifungal activity of α-terpineol was less effective. The morphological changes of the fungus exposed to the terpenes were observed by electron microscopy. The hyphae were distorted and collapsed at 0.2, 0.4 and 1 mg/ml of eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol respectively, and cell membrane and organelles were irreversibly damaged at 0.2 mg/ml citral.     

环境与生物因子对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

生态系统呼吸中土壤呼吸的不确定性最大。文中阐述了环境与生物因子如土壤温度、湿度、理化性质、大气CO₂浓度、生物因子及人类活动对土壤呼吸及其组分产生的影响, 并对未来相关领域的研究进行了展望。