早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

施氮水平对7S亚基缺失大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮的影响

为有效推广功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品种,以7S亚基缺失大豆品系东富2号为研究对象,设置4种施氮水平(纯N),N0(0 mg·kg~(-1))、N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))、N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))、N3(75 mg·kg~(-1)),采用桶栽法研究大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮对不同施氮水平的响应。结果表明:N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根系干重加大,根冠比增大,根瘤固氮潜力高,单株产量较高。N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根长、根表面积、根体积在生育后期增长较快,根系干重较大,根冠比低,固氮酶活性最高,单株籽粒产量最高。N3(75 mg·kg~(-1))水平下植株干重较大,无效生长较多,根瘤数少,固氮潜力和根冠比低,单株产量不高。综合籽粒产量和根系特性指标,功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品系东富2号的适宜施肥量为25~50 mg·kg~(-1)。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖46号的丰产性及稳产性分析

采用高稳系数法和变异系数法分析了甘蔗新品种桂糖46号在2年区域试验中的丰产稳产性.结果表明:相比ROC22号,桂糖46号具有非常优良的丰产性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的增产(糖)非常明显,蔗糖分略高;在此基础上,桂糖46号还具有优良的稳定性,蔗茎产量和含糖量的高稳系数均高出对照30％以上,蔗糖分的高稳系数也略高,分析结果用变异系数法也得到了验证.综合来看,桂糖46号是一个高产、稳产、宿根性好、适应性广、抗倒性强、脱叶性好的优良甘蔗新品种,具有很好的推广前景.     

缺钾对黄瓜幼苗光合作用和氮素代谢的影响

本试验以黄瓜幼苗为材料,研究了缺钾对光合作用和氮素代谢的影响。结果表明,缺钾显著抑制黄瓜的净光合速率和生长及硝酸还原酶活性,随着缺钾程度的提高,铵态氮含量升高,硝态氮含量降低。     

Identification and Molecular Mapping of the RsDmR Locus Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew at Seedling Stage in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Downy mildew (DM), caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₁ populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F₁ hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically fitted a 3:1 ratio in two F₂ populations (F_2(SR) and F_2(RS)), and 1:1 ratio in two BC₁F₁ populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1972 primer pairs (1036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR) were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F₂ population. Three markers (Em9/ga24₃₇₀, NAUISSR826₇₀₀ and Me7/em10₄₀₀) linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identified using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The SRAP marker Em9/ga24₃₇₀ was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.     

日光温室蔬菜智能化管理系统建模

随着精准农业的发展,智能化管理将在现代农业中广泛应用。针对智能化管理在日光温室蔬菜生产中尚鲜见报道的情况,该研究以日光温室蔬菜为研究对象,通过对日光温室环境特征的分析,设计一种基于无线传感器网络技术的低成本温室监测系统,用于监测温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度等关键环境参数,并建立日光温室蔬菜系统,通过建模,建立不同子模块,实现蔬菜生产的智能化管理。     

高静压和热处理对蘑菇多酚氧化酶的钝化动力学分析

研究了高静压处理HHP(100～1 600 MPa,0.2～25 min)和热处理(55～80℃,0.2～20 min)对双孢蘑菇多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,简称PPO)的钝化效果,并分析了钝化动力学。随着处理压力、温度的升高和处理时间的延长,钝化效果增强。在600 MPa以下压力处理后,PPO活性残存率均大于88%,表明600 MPa以下处理压力对PPO的钝化效果较差。而800、1000、1200、1400和1600 MPa压力下处理25 min,PPO活性残存率分别下降到66.42%、52.83%、27.20%、2.20%和0.01%,表明800 MPa以上压力能有效钝化蘑菇PPO。应用一级动力学模型拟合热处理对PPO的钝化动力学,各温度条件下拟合的决定系数R2都在0.960以上,表明PPO的热钝化符合一级动力学模型;应用两段式模型对HHP钝化蘑菇PPO的动力学进行拟合,决定系数R2均大于0.982,HHP钝化蘑菇PPO符合两段式钝化动力学。     

氯化铵、亚硝酸钠及硫化钠水平对缢蛏存活的影响

研究氯化铵、亚硝酸钠和硫化钠水平对缢蛏(Sinonovaculaconstricta)存活的影响,共3个实验:实验1研究了氯化铵水平(0、100、158、251、398、631、1000和1585mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随氯化铵水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为515.65、163.44、104.99和85.48mg/L,安全浓度为4.93mg/L。实验2研究了亚硝酸钠水平(0、4、10、25、63、158、398和1000mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随亚硝酸钠水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为713.00、217.07、87.90和23.61mg/L,安全浓度为6.04mg/L。实验3研究了硫化钠水平(0、13、25、50、100、200、398、794、1585、3162和6310mg/L)对缢蛏存活的影响,发现随硫化钠水平的升高,缢蛏存活率呈下降趋势;在24、48、72和96h,LC50分别为3843.18、2072.71、1011.95和306.30mg/L,安全浓度为180.87mg/L。     

高大平房仓储粮磷化氢熏蒸散气后残留量变化研究

对储藏稻谷和小麦用磷化氢熏蒸后采取了不同的通风方式散气,并定期分区、分点进行跟踪检测磷化氢残留量,研究其变化规律。试验表明:随着通风散气时间的延长,磷化氢残留量均有明显降低趋势。小麦仓散气8d后,整仓储粮磷化氢平均残留量降至0.031mg/kg,各扦样点磷化氢残留量也均降至安全标准以内。稻谷仓通风散气5d后,各区、各点磷化氢残留量均已降至0.02mg/kg以内,且磷化氢残留量明显低于小麦仓,有利于指导今后出库粮食食用安全。     

Expression and modulation of connective tissue growth factor in renal interstitial fibrosis

CTGF, a member of the CCN family of immediate early genes, is a recently discovered profibrotic growth factor, which is involved in many pathophysiologic procedures. CTGF acts as a downstream effector of TGF-β acting on interstitial cells to enhance the progression of fibrotic renal diseases. It has been shown that CTGF gene expression can be induced or blocked by some kinds of cytokine and drugs. It is an interesting candidate target for future intervention strategies of renal interstitial fibrosis.