湖南杂交水稻凋萎型白叶枯病的调查研究

 杂交水稻南优2号、南优3号近年来在湖南普遍发生枯心凋萎现象。病株除在秧苗后期至分蘖盛期呈现枯心、凋萎死亡和茎基有大量菌脓的突出症状外,拔节期后继续发病的稻株逐渐转为叶片受害,甚至在壮苞期引起死穗现象。此外,在调查中还发现少数常规品种偶有发生,但受害轻微。     

Histochemistry of gland cells of Eurytrema pancreaticum cercariae.

The cercariae of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) possess four types of gland cells - proper cystogenic, penetration, ventral and dorsal gland cells. The secretion of ventral and dorsal gland cells is released into the tegument. The proper cystogenic gland cells are the largest and their contents serve for the formation of the cyst wall of metacercariae in the second intermediate host. The secretion of proper cystogenic gland cells contains besides neutral mucosubstances also acid mucosubstances with both carboxyl- and sulphogroups digestible with beta-glucuronidase. The secretion of penetration gland cells contains neutral mucosubstances and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SS groups. The ventral gland cells contain mostly acid mucosubstances with sulphogroups, which are digested with beta-glucuronidase, and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SH groups. The rudimentary dorsal gland cells contain a small amount of acid mucosubstances. The whole tegument of cercariae and the two main collecting canals of the excretory system exhibit a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The nerve ring and the main nerve truncs contain proteins with SH groups and hydrophilic lipids and exhibit a cholinesterase activity. The suckers contain a larger amount of glycogen.     

The effect of diets supplemented with fish broth and fish oil on the health of weaners

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish-based feed materials, as a source of readily available protein contained in fish broth and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oil, on the health of piglets and rearing results. The experiment was conducted on a commercial pig fattening farm. The study involved a total of 80 weaners with an approximate body weight of 15 kg. The experiment was carried out over a period of 40 days. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. Blood samples were collected from experimental group animals to determine serum biochemical and immunological parameters. The body weight gains of weaners, mortality rates and average feed intake per animal were calculated for the entire experimental period. The addition of fish broth and fish oil significantly improved the n3:n6 fatty acid ratio in diets. The presence of EPA and DHA in the experimental diet could have had a positive health effect on piglets, comparable with that exerted by therapeutic doses of zinc often administered to pigs of this age group. During the experiment, feed conversion ratio (FCR) gain was considerably reduced in the experimental group, with similar daily gains in the control and experimental group.     

Extraction of soluble dietary fiber and hemicellulose from Cornus officinalis residue and preparation of fiber drinking water

Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) is an extract from spent residue of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc fruit by ultrasonic. The conditions of the experiment optimized with response surface methodology were ambient temperature of 70.3°C, the ratio of solvent to solid being 30 mL/g, and processing time of 110 min under the ultrasonic wave frequency of 40 kHz and ultrasonic power of 250W. The best aggregative indicator, incorporating the yield of Cornus SDF (CSDF), the content of SDF, and light transmittance (%, at 620 nm) of SDF, was predicted to be 12.7845 according to the fitting equation. After UV sterilization, 0.25% (w/v) dispersion of CSDF in mineral water presented a good light transmittance (94.9%) and shelf-life (over 2 months). It had no smell and tasted good. The left residue was extracted with caustic soda to get hemicellulose.     

RT-PCR法检测非酒精性脂肪肝细胞中CYP2E1基因的表达与普洱茶（熟茶）、铁观音、红茶的关系

探讨普洱茶（熟茶）、铁观音、红茶对高脂饮食诱发的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝中P450 2E1基因表达的影响。将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组、药物组以及（低、中、高剂量）普洱茶（熟茶）、铁观音、红茶组[0.5、1.0、2.0 g/（kg·bw）]。试验大鼠灌胃授试茶样水浸提物35天后采血牺牲,分离血清测定抗氧化指标丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性;采摘肝脏并进行肝脏病理检测;用RT-PCR检测试验大鼠肝脏细胞中P450 2E1的表达量。与高脂模型组相比,（低剂量组）普洱茶（熟茶）降低MDA效果显著（P〈0.05）;普洱茶（熟茶）、红茶和铁观音组中GSH-Px酶活力、SOD酶活性显著提高;（高剂量）普洱茶（熟茶）、红茶显著降低P450 2E1表达量（P〈0.05）;通过试验大鼠病理检测发现,普洱茶（熟茶）和（高剂量组）铁观音能明显改善由高脂饮食引起的肝脏脂肪病变。普洱茶（熟茶）、铁观音、红茶对P450 2E1在非酒精性脂肪肝中的基因表达具有不同程度的积极作用,但普洱茶（熟茶）的作用最显著。     

Distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in a pigeon habitat.

Samples of pigeon droppings were taken from 7 sites in a church tower contaminated with C. neoformans, and the distribution patterns of the fungus were studied. From various sites, 0 to 3 x 10(5) viable C. neoformans particles were recovered per one gram of dry excreta. The factors causing the different density of C. neoformans population in the habitat were: uric acid share of the total nitrogen, creatinine content, sunlight and probably pH. Chemical composition of the substrate is the primary factor in the distribution of C. neoformans in droppings.     

Apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the juvenile bovine mammary gland during induced influx

The dynamics of apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during induced influx of PMN into the cavity system of the juvenile bovine mammary gland in order to investigate the role of apoptosis of PMN in the resolution of mastitis was studied. The instillation of a synthetic analogue of muramyl dipeptide into teat sinus of the sixteen mammary glands was followed by a massive influx of PMN culminating after 24 h and resolving after 96 h. Every 24 h following the influx, apoptotic PMN were microscopically detected, based on morphological characteristics. Twenty four hours after the stimulation, apoptotic PMN were already observed, and peak counts of apoptotic PMN were reached 48 h after the stimulation. The lowest differential count of apoptotic PMN, corresponding to the pre-stimulation value, was found 96 h after the stimulation. The presence of macrophages (MAC) containing phagocytized apoptotic PMN was observed by histochemical staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and electron microscopy. The percentage of MPO-positive macrophages increased during the resolution phase to reach peak values 48 h after the stimulation. Apoptosis of PMN and phagocytosis by macrophages may represent a removal mechanism that is important in the resolution of the induced influx of PMN in the cavity system of juvenile bovine mammary gland.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank上发表的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）基因序列,针对IBV M基因全序列设计合成了一对引物, 以IBV疫苗株为模板, 建立了检测IBV的RT-PCR方法。应用该方法对IBV疫苗株RNA进行扩增, 获得与预期大小相符, 长度为1105bp的特异性目的片段;敏感性测定该RT-PCR可扩增到18pg的IBV-M-cDNA。结果表明建立的RT-PCR方法对IBV的检测敏感性高、特异性强,可用于IBV感染的诊断和流行病学调查。     

Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in ill cows

This study was performed in 105 ill cows to determine the best practical individualized dose of enrofloxacin after i.m. (2.5 mg/kg) single-dose administration. Samples were collected from each cow at random time to ensure the percentage of samples distributed equally in the absorption phase, distribution phase, and elimination phase of the drug. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detector, analyzed by population pharmacokinetic (PPK) modeling with NONMEM. The concentration–time data for enrofloxacin in plasma and ciprofloxacin were fitted to the one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The final covariate model indicated that body weight and daily milk productions have significant influence on clearance (CL) of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and the volume ( V ) of distribution of enrofloxacin. The typical PPK parameters were K _a = 3.33 h⁻¹, CL = 1.25 L/h/kg, and V  = 2.98 L/kg of enrofloxacin, and the interindividual variability for CL and V were 20.2% and 24.3%, respectively, the population mean estimates of K _a, CL, and V for ciprofloxacin were 1.12 h⁻¹, 2.36 L/h/kg, 8.20 L/kg, respectively, and their interindividual variability was 36.9%, 15.8% and 14.1%, respectively.     

Crop milk protein is synthesised following activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia)

1. The experiment was conducted to study whether insulin receptor substance 1 (IRS1) / Protein kinase B (Akt)/target of the rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway activation stimulates crop milk protein synthesis in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia).

2. Crop milk was collected from ten 1-d-old squabs and analysed for nutrient content. During the non-breeding period and the first day of lactation, blood samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeding pigeons and the levels of prolactin and insulin were determined.

3. Crop samples were collected from 5 pairs of breeders at d 14 and 16 of the incubation period and d 1, 3 and 7 of the lactation period. Crop samples were evaluated for changes in crop weight and thickness and changes in the expression patterns of IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway–related proteins.

4. The results demonstrated that prolactin induces a gradual increase in the relative weight and thickness of the crop, with crops reaching a maximum size at the third day of lactation.

5. Pigeon crop milk contains 64.1% crude protein and 29.7% crude fat based on dry weight.

6. Serum prolactin and insulin levels in the lactation period were significantly higher than those in the non-breeding period. Compared with non-breeding pigeons, the expression of the phosphorylated IRS1 phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated TOR, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase, phosphorylated S6, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E were significantly up-regulated in the crop of pigeons in the lactation period.

7. In conclusion, prolactin might induce changes in crop tissue and form the physiological structure for crop milk synthesis. Furthermore, the synthesis of crop milk protein is regulated by activation of the IRS1/Akt/TOR signalling pathway.