城镇化过程中滇池流域不透水表面扩张特征及其水环境效应

以云南省昆明市滇池流域为研究区,揭示了滇池流域近30 a来高速城镇化发展过程中不透水表面扩张特征,在此基础上利用距离衰减函数和重力学模型分析了不透水表面扩张背景下的水环境效应。研究结果表明,滇池流域不透水表面呈现出沿着滇池全面扩张的趋势,高强度城区由2001年的1个变为2017年的4个,自然地表面积向不透水表面面积转移了35%,高强度城区面积比例由0.06%增加到了12.05%;近30 a来流域不透水表面增长速率超过了21 km2/a,在2004至2017期间,其增长速率达到了38 km2/a;不透水表面空间影响力与湖泊水质呈现出显著的相关关系,溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)、叶绿素a(chlorophyll a,Chl.a)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、高锰酸盐指数(permanganate index,PI)、酸碱度(potential of hydrogen,p H)、透明度(transparency,Trans)均通过了显著性检验;各水质参数呈现周期性变化,同时不透水表面扩张对水质参数的影响是显著的,表明滇池流域高速城镇化是导致滇池富营养化和蓝藻水华频繁爆发主要原因。     

基质高温灭菌处理对芦笋菌根苗生长和矿质营养吸收的影响

为探明基质(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1,体积比)高温灭菌和不灭菌条件下Glomus mosseae(GM)真菌对芦笋幼苗的作用效果,以"泽西奈特"为试材,研究了两种条件下GM真菌对芦笋幼苗生长和矿质营养吸收的影响。结果表明,两种条件下GM真菌接种均可显著促进芦笋幼苗的生长,形成对芦笋幼苗根系较高强度的侵染,增强芦笋幼苗对9种矿质元素的吸收;不灭菌条件下接种GM真菌对芦笋幼苗生长和矿质营养吸收的效果更好,作用更明显。因此,基质不灭菌状态更利于芦笋菌根苗的培育。     

蓝粒小麦4Ag染色体的显微分离与鉴定

本研究采用显微分离技术从蓝粒小麦(Triticum aestivum L.(2n=6x=42)×Thinopyrum ponticum Liu &Wang(2n=10x=70))根尖细胞中期分裂相中分离出具有4Ag染色体形态特征的单条染色体,对分离后的细胞进行原位杂交(FISH),结果显示细胞中所剩的和显微分离到的单条染色体均为4Ag染色体.利用Sau3A接头介导的PCR方法对分离出的单条4Ag染色体进行体外扩增,扩增的DNA片段大小约为200～2 000 bp,主要集中在250～750 bp之间.以DIG-dUTP标记的蓝粒基因组DNA为探针,与该扩增产物进行Southern杂交,结果表明显微分离出的染色体得到了有效的扩增.利用该分离染色体的PCR扩增产物为探针,对蓝粒小麦进行原位杂交,证明显微分离的染色体体外扩增片段确实来源于4Ag染色体.本研究拓宽了染色体显微分离的范围,为构建4Ag染色体文库和克隆位于该染色体上的重要农艺性状基因提供了新途径.     

9QS－1型玉米青饲料收获机的设计与试验

通过分析原有青饲料收获机的局限性，设计出了一种与小四轮拖拉机配套的新型玉米青饲料收获机。将切断、粉碎、抛送、装袋融为一体。     

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)2个山西分离物CP序列测定及亚组分类分析

 在生物学检测的基础上,利用酶联免疫检测、非序列依赖性PCR(sequence-independent amp-lification, SIA)对感病番茄进行分子鉴定,表现卷叶和花叶症状的番茄均被黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)侵染,分离物分别命名为SXFQ(GenBank登录号为JX993914)和FQ(GenBank登录号为JX993912)。为明确其分类地位,对二者外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)进行克隆和测序分析。应用DNAMAN软件对本课题组前期检测的7个CMV山西分离物、SXFQ、FQ以及其他3个CMV典型分离物CP序列进行比较分析,发现核苷酸和氨基酸序列最大相似性分别为77.1%~100%和81.6%~100%。氨基酸序列系统进化分析表明,9个CMV山西分离物属于CMV亚组I B的2个分支,其中在指示植物上表现较强症状的SXFQ与其他5个分离物为一分支,在指示植物上表现较弱症状的FQ与其他2个分离物为另一分支。对9个山西分离物CP进行亚组分类分析,结果表明其理化性质、稳定性、疏水性与预测结果相近,2个分支的分离物分别出现相近的氨基酸变异和蛋白结构,存在一定规律性。     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province,China

Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing large loss in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot, which are often distinct with respect to various factors in different soybean-producing regions around the world. Recently, Fusarium root rot has been frequently reported in Sichuan Province of China, where is unique in its climate and diverse cropping patterns, but it is still unclear about the predominant Fusarium species and their pathogenicity on soybean. In this study, diseased soybean roots were collected from three regions of Sichuan Province during 2014–2015. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, 78 isolates of Fusarium were identified as nine distinct species. Pathogenicity tests showed that seven species of Fusarium were able to infect soybean, but differed in pathogenicity. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum were the most aggressive species to soybean, whereas F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides were not pathogenic to soybean. There was a strong positive correlation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species with seedling emergence and fresh root weight. In addition, the diversity of Fusarium species varied among soybean-growing regions. To our knowledge, this report on population and pathogenicity of Fusarium species, in particular, F. graminearum, associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province of southwest China, will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.     

瓜类果斑病菌胶体金试纸条的检测应用

瓜类果斑病是一种严重为害西甜瓜作物的细菌病害,胶体金试纸条是对其进行现场检测的主要手段.将中国检验检疫科学研究院研制的瓜类果斑病菌胶体金检测试纸条与市场上商品化的美国Agdia公司同类试纸条进行比较,发现两种试纸条的灵敏度和特异性相当,适用于检测出现疑似果斑病症状的叶片和果实;也可用于种子带菌检测,但易出现假阳性结果....     

四种调味香辛料与人体健康

香辛料指生长在热带的芳香植物的根、树皮、种子或果实,具有调味增香的作用,其中很多种类有不同程度地抑菌、防腐、治病等功效.从中选取蒜、姜、葱、辣椒4种调味香辛料,探讨它们与人体健康的关系.     

基于HJ-1A/1B CCD数据的雹灾监测与评价

由于雹灾的突发性、灾后影响的显著空间异质性,雹灾监测与灾后评价的研究相对较少。以黑龙江甘南县典型雹灾为研究对象,利用HJ-1A/1B CCD等遥感影像与地面实测高光谱数据,进行雹灾遥感监测与评价研究。基于实测光谱数据分析了不同灾害程度农作物的反射光谱特征及植被指数变化;利用2个时相的遥感影像数据,结合地面调查,通过对植被指数分级进行雹灾监测与评价,并结合另一个时相的数据做了验证。结果表明：不同灾害程度作物的反射光谱特征差异显著;运用植被指数分级进行雹灾监测是可行的,基于归一化差分植被指数差值图分级得到的不同雹灾程度范围与实际情况相符,而基于比值植被指数差值图的分级结果则与实际结果差距较大;根据雹灾遥感分级结果分析了雹灾空间分布特征。研究结果可对雹灾监测与评价提供理论与技术支持。     

Total Carbon Storage in Himalaya Rangeland of Milke-Jaljale Area,Eastern Nepal

Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world＇s total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter. A study on carbon stock on soil and vegetation at various altitudinal gradients in Milke-Jaljale rangeland area of Eastern Nepal was made. The study was carried out at three altitudinal gradients （above sea levels） Milke （3,000 m）, Gorujure （3,500 m） and Jaljale （4,000 m）. This method required establishing a transect line. Sample points were located by pacing the appropriate distances from the point of origin at a transect line. To determine distribution and quantity of plant carbon and soil organic carbon （SOC）, 45 sample points were established and 15 points were sampled from each study site. Total soil carbon was estimated as follows： 17.65 t/ha at Milke, 17.27 t/ha at Gorujure and 28.33 t/ha at Jaljale. Similarly, total vegetation carbon was estimated 22.68 t/ha at Milke, 29.79 t/ha at Gorujure and 42.54 t/ha at Jaljale. Highest elevation study site with least external disturbance （Jaljale area） had high storage of carbon in both cases vegetation and soil.