Insecticidal benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamate: a new propesticide with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates

New propesticides with two effects of both benzoylphenylureas and carbamates were designed and synthesized by the key intermediate N-chlorosulfenyl-N-methylcarbamate, which was prepared for the first time. These benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The bioactivities of the new compounds were evaluated. These benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates exhibited excellent larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm, some of which were good as compared to the parent benzoylphenylureas. Toxicity assays indicated that these benzoylphenylurea-S-carbamates had knockdown activities of carbamates at higher concentrations and insect growth regulator activities of benzoylphenylureas at lower concentrations. We found that the title compounds exhibited good systemic larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm, which were especially advantageous when combating sucking pests. Some of these title compounds can kill aphids and mosquitoes as well.     

Production, disinfection and evaluation for aquaculture applications of rotifer resting eggs from Bohai Bay, P.R. of China

The dynamics of resting egg production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis originating from a wild population in the Tanggu Saltworks (P.R. China) was investigated. In the natural environment as well as in semi-controlled rearing conditions an increased resting egg production was noticed with declining food availability. Processed resting eggs had a hatching efficiency of 3 x 10 6 rotifers per gramme irrespective of their origin. Hatching started 22 h after the initiation of incubation and was completed after 36 h. Rotifers obtained from resting eggs could be further cultured on Culture Selco® and enriched with Super Selco®. The fatty acid profile of these rotifers were not divergent from reference rotifers (originating from the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Centre) demonstrating that this strain was not catabolizing essential fatty acids and could be used for enrichment purposes. Storage of resting eggs at 4°C resulted in a 50% lower hatching after 1 year but remained stable during the next 2 years. The resting eggs used for storage could easily be disinfected without affecting their hatching characteristics. These results indicate that this material could be used as inocula for mass cultures of live food for commercial hatcheries.     

降胆固醇能力强的耐酸耐胆盐乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

对从发酵酸菜中分离的乳酸菌,进行降胆固醇能力强的乳酸菌的筛选和鉴定,并对其耐酸耐胆盐能力进行测定。从分离的乳酸菌中,筛选到一株胆固醇降解率达到52.21%的乳酸菌M16。M16菌株具有较强的耐酸耐胆盐能力,在p H 2环境中30℃培养2 h后活细胞数仍然可以达到4.5×106 CFU·m L-1,在1.0%胆盐的环境中培养4 h后活细胞数仍然可以达到1.0×106 CFU·m L-1。通过菌体形态、菌落特征和生理生化实验,将M16乳酸菌鉴定为乳杆菌属的乳酸菌。     

缓沉性水产膨化饲料加工工艺参数优化

该研究旨在研究不同加工工艺参数对缓沉性水产膨化饲料品质指标的影响规律,优化缓沉性水产膨化饲料的加工工艺参数。采用中心组合试验设计,选取调质物料含水率、膨化机螺杆转速和模头温度3个因素,吨料开孔面积固定为450 mm2/(t·h),调质物料含水率在23%～27%,模头温度范围在100～140 ℃,膨化机螺杆转速范围在180～300 r/min,对加工工艺参数进行优化。试验结果表明：随着调质物料含水率的升高,膨化饲料的容重逐渐降低,膨化率逐渐升高,在螺杆转速相同的条件下,不同模头温度的沉降速度的差异逐渐增大。随着模头温度的升高,膨化饲料的容重逐渐降低,膨化率逐渐升高,沉降速度逐渐降低,10 min沉水率先升高后降低。随着螺杆转速的增大,能耗逐渐升高,在调质物料含水率为23%～25%时,初始沉水率逐渐增大;当调质物料含水率大于25%时,10 min沉水率呈现先减小后增大的趋势。调质物料含水率和螺杆转速的交互项与初始沉水率呈负相关。调质物料含水率和模头温度的交互项与10 min内下沉率呈负相关。优化工艺参数：调质物料含水率为27%,模头温度110.68 ℃,螺杆转速265 r/min,在此条件下,平均容重为533.17 g/L,沉降速度为7.10 cm/s,初始沉水率为70.33%,10 min沉水率为99.00%。研究结果可为饲料企业生产缓沉性水产膨化饲料提供参考依据。     

草地贪夜蛾寄主选择性及对其生长发育的影响

旨在为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报、科学防控、适生性分析以及风险评估提供参考依据。以盆栽香蕉苗、玉米苗和草地贪夜蛾3~4龄幼虫作为试材,用室内接虫和田间自然感虫的方法,测定了选择压力和非选择压力条件下草地贪夜蛾对香蕉和玉米的危害指数、草地贪夜蛾发育历期、幼虫存活率、蛹体大小及成虫羽化率。在非选择压力条件下草地贪夜蛾主要选择危害玉米,对香蕉‘桂蕉6号’只是试探取食,接虫7天后对玉米和香蕉危害指数分别是89.05、1.58。在选择压力下草地贪夜蛾幼虫接虫3天后开始取食危害香蕉,接虫后3、5、7天危害指数分别为11.74、16.51、24.76,说明香蕉不是草地贪夜蛾适宜的寄主作物。取食香蕉的草地贪夜蛾幼虫生长缓慢、虫体小,3龄幼虫至化蛹历时9~14天,比取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾长2~4天;成虫羽化历时9~14天,比取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾长4~7天;取食香蕉明显影响草地贪夜蛾生长发育,幼虫存活率为20.0%、化蛹率68.1%、蛹体大小1.25×0.35 cm、蛹重0.13 g、成虫羽化率47.8%,明显低于取食玉米寄主的幼虫存活率为86.7%、化蛹率97.4%、蛹体大小1.57×0.5 cm、蛹重0.21 g、成虫羽化率92.0%。草地贪夜蛾在选择压力下会取食危害香蕉,危害程度相对较轻,能完成世代生活史,但生长发育速度也较慢。香蕉不是草地贪夜蛾适宜的寄主植物,但在香蕉上暴发存在一定的风险。     

SD118-xanthocillin X (1), a novel marine agent extracted from Penicillium commune, induces autophagy through the inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway

A compound named SD118-xanthocillin X (1) (C(18)H(12)N(2)O(2)), isolated from Penicillium commune in a deep-sea sediment sample, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several cancer cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we employed a growth inhibition assay and apoptotic analysis to identify the biological effect and detailed mechanism of SD118-xanthocillin X (1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. SD118-xanthocillin X (1) demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of HepG2 cells and caused slight cellular apoptosis and significantly induced autophagy. Autophagy was detected as early as 12 h by the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I) to LC3-II, following cleavage and lipid addition to LC3-I. The pharmacological autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine largely attenuates the growth inhibition and autophagic effect of SD118-xanthocillin X (1) in HepG2 cells. Our data also indicated that the autophagic effect of SD118-xanthocillin X (1) occurs via the down-regulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and the up-regulated class III PI3K/Beclin 1 signaling pathway.     

核桃专用生物-有机-无机复混肥对核桃种植的影响

目前核桃专用肥以复混肥搭配有机肥为主,肥料利用率较低,且会造成肥料浪费,增加施肥成本;本研究结合核桃需肥规律和核桃主产区土壤养分情况,针对核桃专用肥的施用现状在云南核桃主产区进行生物-有机-无机复混肥的应用研究,旨在提高肥料利用率、减少肥料施用量和提高核桃产区土壤微生物活性;在肥料施用期间检测土壤微生物情况以及功能菌株...     

金针菇花生粘工艺研究

以感官评价为指标,选择金针菇粉、核桃油、白砂糖和蜂蜜添加量为单因素进行梯度试验,并在此基础上进行正交试验优化金针菇花生粘的制作工艺。结果表明,试验研究丰富了花生粘的品种,拓展了金针菇的开发应用,满足了人们的多样化需求。     

Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.     

Source of fiber influences growth,immune responses,gut barrier function and microbiota in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets

This study examined the impacts of different fiber sources on growth, immune status and gut health in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets. Sixty piglets (BW = 8.18 ± 1.35 kg) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments based on BW and gender in a randomized complete block design (5 replicates/treatment and 4 piglets [2 barrows and 2 gilts]/replicate): (1) an antibiotic-free diet (control, CON); (2) CON + 6% wheat bran (WB); (3) CON + 4% sugar beet pulp (SBP). Dietary WB supplementation tended to increase ADG compared with CON from d 1 to 14 (P = 0.051) and from d 1 to 28 (P = 0.099). Supplementation of WB increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with CON and SBP from d 1 to 14 and from d 1 to 28. Compared with CON, the addition of WB reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate from d 1 to 14 and tended (P = 0.054) to reduce diarrhea rate from d 1 to 28. The addition of WB decreased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity on d 14, and up-regulated (P < 0.05) ileal mRNA levels of occludin on d 28 when compared with CON. Piglets fed WB showed decreased (P < 0.05) serum interleukin-6 levels compared to those fed SBP and decreased (P < 0.05) ileal interleukin-8 levels compared to those fed CON and SBP on d 28. Supplementation of WB increased (P < 0.05) serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM compared with SBP on d 14, and increased (P < 0.05) the levels of serum IgA and ileal sIgA compared with CON and SBP on d 28. Piglets fed WB showed an enhanced (P < 0.05) α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed SBP, while piglets fed SBP showed reduced (P < 0.05) α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed CON. Compared with CON, the addition of WB elevated (P < 0.05) the abundance of Lachnospira and cecal butyric acid level. Piglets fed WB also showed increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Lachnospira and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae compared with those fed SBP. Collectively, the supplementation of WB to antibiotic-free diets improved performance, immune responses, gut barrier function and microbiota compared with the CON and SBP fed piglets. Therefore, supplementing weaned piglets with WB was more effective than SBP.