斑马鱼幼鱼嗜中性粒细胞对副溶血弧菌清除的动态变化

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是人-兽-鱼共患的致病菌,严重威胁食品安全和人类的健康。为了研究宿主嗜中性粒细胞清除细菌感染的动态变化过程,利用红色荧光蛋白标记的副溶血弧菌Vp57~(RFP)菌株感染受精后48 h(hours post fertilization,hpf)的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)幼鱼耳泡,建立局部感染模型,并以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Ec01菌株为对照,系统比较了副溶血弧菌和大肠杆菌的半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD_(50))、存活曲线以及和嗜中性粒细胞相互作用的动态过程,RT-qPCR验证炎症相关基因il1b和il10在感染前后的表达量变化。结果显示副溶血弧菌和大肠杆菌感染斑马鱼幼鱼的LD_(50)分别为7.90×10~8 CFU/mL和1.14×10~(11) CFU/mL,与感染大肠杆菌相比,斑马鱼感染副溶血弧菌后招募嗜中性粒细胞的速度更快,且数量更多。RT-qPCR结果发现斑马鱼感染副溶血弧菌后在相同时间点能够激活更高的il1b和il10基因的表达,引起强烈的炎症反应。基于以上研究,我们建立的副溶血弧菌-斑马鱼幼鱼耳泡局部感染模型,为进一步研究嗜中性粒细胞清除副溶血弧菌感染的动态过程,以及深入揭示天然免疫应答机制提供了依据。     

江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌种群检测与抗药性分析

本研究旨在检测江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌的种群组成与对传统杀菌剂单剂的抗性严重度。以江苏溧阳、通州和盐城地区小麦赤霉病菌子囊孢子为试材,鉴定其优势种群,检测对多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的抗性。结果表明：江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌株中全部检测到亚细亚镰孢,是绝对优势种群;禾谷镰孢占比最高是溧阳地区的14%,最低是通州地区的8%,平均占比为11.33%,显著低于亚细亚镰孢占比;江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性频率介于26.3%~54.5%;未检测到戊唑醇和咪鲜胺具有抗性的赤霉菌株。综上,江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌优势种群是亚细亚镰孢,其对多菌灵单剂已产生严重抗性,未发现对戊唑醇和咪鲜胺产生抗性。     

鸡腿菇多糖减轻运动疲劳的机理分析

对鸡腿菇多糖的抗氧化活性进行了试验,试验表明,鸡腿菇多糖对·OH和DPPH·都具有一定的清除活性,且清除率与多糖的浓度成正比。这说明鸡腿菇多糖能够防止人体细胞膜过氧化损伤,减轻运动员的疲劳。     

基于称重式蒸渗仪的淮北平原冬小麦蒸散估算模型的本地化

为了解不同作物蒸散量估算方法在淮北地区的适用性,利用新马桥实验站称重式蒸渗仪测定了2016-2017年冬小麦全生育期的实际蒸散值,结合Hargreaves-Samani(H-S)、 FAO-56 PM、Turc、Makkind(Mak)、 Priestley-Taylor(P-T)、Mcloud(Mcl)和DeBruin-Keijman(D-K)7个模型,分析了冬小麦田的蒸散特征,将蒸散的估算值(ET_0)和实测值(ET_C)进行了对比。结果表明,相对于ET_C值,7个模型拟合得到的ET_0的RMSE值为0.99～2.29 mm·d~(-1),且H-S FAO-56 PMTurcMakP-TMclD-K; ET_C与ET_0的相关系数为0.74～0.97,其中FAO-56 PM的相关性最高,P-T、 Mak、 D-K、 H-S也表现出较好的相关性。综合来看,H-S法总体表现较好,更适合该地区。对6种主要气象要素与实测蒸散值进行主成分分析发现,温度是影响ET_C的主要因子,湿度、日照时数和平均风速(2 m)对淮北冬小麦田蒸散值的影响不大;H-S模型以温度数据为基础,利用线性订正法和湿度指数项订正法将H-S模型本地化后检验发现,其优化结果良好,RMSE降低(0.68 mm·d~(-1))。     

黄河三角洲地区棉花牧草两熟机械化种植模式及配套技术集成

棉花牧草两熟栽培模式能最大限度利用气候和土壤资源,不仅经济效益提高,而且还凸显了生态效益和社会效益。本文通过对黄河三角洲地区棉花牧草两熟模式的研究,探讨了发展棉花牧草两熟种值模式需要关注的问题,研究总结了黄河三角洲地区棉花牧草两熟配套技术,对于稳定棉花生产,发展生态农业、机械化农业有着积极的促进作用。     

Effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE-/- mice

AIM To observe the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE^-/- mice. METHODS Thirty-two ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, high-dose (60 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group, low-dose (30 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group and simvastatin group, and C57BL/6J mice (n=8) were used as normal control group. The mice in normal control group were given the basic feeding, while the others were given high-fat diet. The mice in tanshinone ⅡA groups and simvastatin group were given corresponding drugs. The mice in normal control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of saline. Eight weeks later, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were tested by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The liver tissues were stained with HE and oil red O. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues of the mice were measured by commercially available kits. The liver glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and p53 were detected by immunohistochemical method. The protein and mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related factors GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11, p53 and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. The fat vacuoles were clearly visible in liver tissue. The content of ROS in liver tissue was increased significantly,and GSH was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were increased significantly, and GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, tanshinone ⅡA significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. High-dose and low-dose tanshinoneⅡA also significantly decreased the degree of steatosis, and the size of lipid droplets. The content of ROS in liver tissues was decreased significantly, and GSH was increased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were increased significantly, and p53 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Tanshinone ⅡA reduces liver lipid deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in ApoE^-/- mice, which may be related to the intervention of ferroptosis-related proteins in the liver cells.     

Integrating meteorological factors for better understanding of the urban form-air quality relationship

Landscape Ecology - Understanding the urban form-air quality relationship is essential to mitigate intra-urban air pollution and to improve urban ecology. However, few studies considered urban form...     

新疆棉铃虫种群对三种化学药剂的抗性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是经济作物和粮食作物主要害虫之一。为有效防治棉铃虫,新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)大面积种植Bt棉,同时采用化学药剂进行防治,但是化学药剂的大量长期使用势必使棉铃虫产生抗性。武万峰等(2010)研究结果显示新疆棉铃虫种群已对三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐表现低水平抗性。为全面掌握新疆棉铃虫种群对这2种药剂及对氯虫苯甲酰胺新型化学药剂的抗性水平,本研究于2015-2018年自新疆阿克苏、博乐和哈密市等5个市采集棉铃虫,监测该害虫对这3种化学药剂的抗性,以期为Bt棉有效利用和化学药剂的合理施用提供理论基础。     

烟草秸秆利用及酵素液效果分析

为了有效利用田间废弃烟草秸秆,提高其利用率,从而助力烟草植株健康成长。本研究运用田间常见废弃的烟草秸秆为材料,制作成具有一定肥效的酵素液,并与之前筛选出的烟草病菌拮抗放线菌——灰产色链霉菌(Streptomyces griseochromogenes)混施,在苗期及采收期调查混合酵素液对烟苗和烟株生长发育影响。结果表明,烟草酵素液的施用可增加烟草的产量及质量,提高烟草上等烟的比率,其中烟草酵素液与S. griseochromogenes混施的效果最佳,优于其他处理,并显著优于对照。将烟草酵素液与拮抗放线菌混用的方法可推荐到生产上使用,既可减少废弃秸秆在田间造成病原菌的累积,又可有效提高烟草的产量及质量。