Chemical Bonding of Organic Dye onto Cotton Fibers Using Silane as Coupling Agent (I)

A derivative of an optical brightening agent (organic dye), i.e., 2,6-dibromo-4-flouroaniline (synthesized and reported previously) has been chemically bonded to cotton fabrics through a coupling agent, i.e., 3-(2-aminoethylamino)- propyltrimethoxy silane. These chemically treated cotton fabrics have been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, color observation, tear properties determination, and UV-DRS analysis. The relevant spectra of FTIR confirm chemical bonding of the silane with cotton on one end and with the dye on the other. Comparison of the various treated and untreated cotton samples before and after washing by visual observations confirms the claim of chemical bonding of the dye with the cotton. The consistent decreasing patterns observed in tear strengths of the treated cloths with increase in concentration of the respective chemical validate modification of the cotton cloths. UV-DRS analysis of the modified cotton cloths show that the reflectance decreases with the use of silane.     

Performance of mono‐sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in rice field with different ditch size

The effects of ditch size on growth and production of mono‐sex tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in rain fed concurrent rice–fish system were technically and economically evaluated for a period of 4 months. Three different ditch sizes were tried: 5%, 10% and 15% of the total cultivable rice field. The fish fingerlings stocking density (5000 ha^?1) and management practices were similar in all plots. The water temperature, dissolve oxygen, pH, Secchi disc visibility, ortho‐phosphate, ammonia nitrogen and alkalinity were found to be in the range of 31.5–31.9°C, 5.10–5.27 mg L^?1, 7.56–7.62, 34.81–35.41 cm, 0.88–0.96 mg L^?1, 0.014–0.021 mg L^?1 and 66.23–69.76 mg L^?1, respectively, and all the values were found suitable for tilapia fish farming. Sediment organic matter, available nitrogen and phosphorous were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all plots after cultivating the fish. Larger ditch size (15% of the total land area) resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher specific growth rate, survival and fish production compared with the smaller (5%) and medium (10%) ditch sizes. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher net income and benefit–cost ratio were obtained in medium ditch size with the values of 2.6% and 3.6% higher than the smaller and larger ditch sizes respectively. It is concluded that rice–fish farming in a rain fed ecosystem of Bangladesh with medium ditch size and stocking density of 5000 ha^?1 mono‐sex tilapia can achieve better economic return.     

Mutagenic induction of double-podding trait in different genotypes of chickpea and their characterization by STMS marker

A gene that confers double-podding in chickpea is considered to be important for breeding higher yielding cultivars. Double-podded mutants were produced from five desi- and four kabuli-type chickpea genotypes through induced mutations and stabilty was checked up to M₁₃ generation. Desi-type produced higher number of mutants as compared with kabuli-type. The inheritance studies in induced mutants of six genotypes showed that the double-podded trait was governed by single recessive gene. Different genotypes and their double-podded mutants were also characterized through sequence-tagged microsatellite site marker, TA-80. Allelic variations were found in single-podded genotypes and eight different alleles were identified, while for double-poddedness no allelic variants were found in all the analysed mutants. Addition of bases in the double-podded mutants showed that there might be involvement of transposable elements in the production of double-podded mutants through mutagens.     

不同去势程度对筠连黄牛生长性能、血清指标和瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在对不同去势程度筠连黄牛的生长性能、血清指标和瘤胃发酵进行探究。选取18头年龄(9月龄)和体重[(184.46±17.37) kg]相近的健康筠连黄牛公牛,随机分为3组(双去势组、半去势组和假手术组),每组6头牛,饲喂相同饲粮,不同程度去势后,进行240 d的饲养试验。结果表明：1)与假手术相比,双去势能够显著降低筠连黄牛的体重和平均日增重(P≤0.05),而半去势对体重和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05);去势程度不会影响筠连黄牛的干物质采食量和营养物质摄入量(P>0.05)。2)双去势组筠连黄牛血清睾酮和生长激素浓度显著低于假手术组(P≤0.05),而血清雌二醇、胰岛素和生长抑素浓度则显著高于假手术组(P≤0.05);半去势对血清各激素浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与假手术相比,双去势导致筠连黄牛血清低密度脂蛋白浓度、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著升高(P≤0.05),血清游离脂肪酸、总蛋白和球蛋白浓度显著降低(P≤0.05)。4)与假手术组相比,双去势组筠连黄牛瘤胃液pH显著升高(P≤0.05),但瘤胃液氨态氮、微生物蛋白和挥发性脂肪酸(除丁酸和...     

Allelic Variation within Single Podded Gene Characterized by STMS Marker in Chickpea

Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）, is an important grain legume crop throughout the world especially in developing countries. However the average yield worldwide is considered to be lower than its potential yield （Singh et al., 1994）. The average yield of chickpea is much lower in Pakistan, which is about 5500-650 kg/hm^2 due to various abiotic and biotic stresses （Shah et al., 2005）.     

Effect of CCC on the Changes in the Levels of Starch, Protein and Nitrogen in the Source Leaf and Pods of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. Guj-2)

Pot experiments were conducted on Mung bean by spraying 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm CCC, 14 days after the emergence of seedling to record the effect of CCC on the changes in the contents of starch, protein and nitrogen in the source leaf and pods of mung bean. Results showed that:
Dry weights of source leaf and pods were considerably increased by 1000 ppm CCC.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased the contents of starch, protein and nitrogen in source leaf and pods.
CCC at 1000 ppm enhanced the rate of depletion of dry matter in the source leaf.     

Biochemistry of the sarcocyst of Sarcocystis fusiformis of buffalo Bubalus bubalis

Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis from oesophageal muscles of naturally-infected Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were analysed for total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and glycerides and total protein. Protein and phospholipids constituted the major portion of the sarcocyst. Acetylcholinesterase and glutamate-oxalo-acetate transaminase activities when assayed were higher than glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in sarcocysts.     

Effects of dietary lipid and phosphorus levels on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata: A preliminary observation

ABSTRACT:   A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary lipid and phosphorus levels on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of young yellowtail under on-site conditions for 4 months. Three levels of dietary lipid (200, 250 and 300 g/kg) and four levels of supplemental phosphorus (0, 2, 4 and 7 g/kg) were tested in a complete randomized design with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. Each net cage of 170 yellowtail were fed the experimental diets for 4 months and the fish grew from approximately 346–912 g, at water temperatures between 18 and 23°C. Dietary phosphorus levels did not cause any difference in weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and nitrogen retention. However, its increasing supplemental levels reduced phosphorus retention, consequently increasing its excretion, whereas nitrogen excretion remained uninfluenced. In contrast, increasing the dietary lipid level resulted in its greater deposition in the whole body of young fish leading to a reduction in nitrogen excretion. This study has shown that phosphorus levels need not necessarily be high in the diets of young yellowtail. In addition, dietary lipid can be manipulated favorably to produce environmentally suitable diets.     

Biochemical and histochemical studies of the sarcocyst of Sarcocystis fusiformis of buffalo Bubalus bubalis

The glycogen content and activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases of sarcocysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis from naturally infected Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were determined biochemically and histochemically.