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51.
S. Kennou Sebei R. Bergaoui M. Ben Hamouda R. G. Cooper 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1427-1438
The aim of the current investigation was to determine wild ostrich reproductive behaviour in Orbata Nature Reserve by observing
16 hens and 28 cocks over a seven-year period. Intense laying commenced in January, one month after the cessation of the rainy
season, and 92% of the eggs were produced during the dry season (January to May, peaking in March). Over the seven years,
1,322 eggs were laid in 69 nests, which corresponded to an annual average production of 19.2 ± 9.1 eggs/nest and 11.8 eggs/hen.
24 nests (34.78%) were non-brooded, 17 nests (24.64%) were deserted in the course of incubation, and 28 nests (40.58%) possessed
hatched eggs. All the non-incubated nests had egg losses equivalent to 46.6 ± 12.6%. Hatchability success of incubated eggs
was 41.9 ± 12.0%. Ostriches tended to dig their nests adjacent to the reserve enclosure which had direct access by road and
track, the latter subjecting them to human disturbance and predation. The systematic obstruction of these nests stimulated
ostriches to build additional nests within the reserve perimeter. The authors discussed the results recorded in an ostrich
flock in relation to the environmental factors (climatic factors, food disponibility and predation) and suggested possibilities
for improved wildlife management. 相似文献
52.
Effects of tea saponins on rumen microbiota,rumen fermentation,methane production and growth performance—a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reducing methane emission from ruminant animals has implications not only for global environmental protection but also for
efficient animal production. Tea saponins (TS) extracted from seeds, leaves or roots of tea plant are pentacyclic triterpenes.
They have a lasting antiprotozoal effect, but little effect on the methanogen population in sheep. There was no significant
correlation between the protozoa counts and methanogens. The TS decreased methanogen activity. It seems that TS influenced
the activity of the methanogens indirectly via the depressed ciliate protozoal population. The TS addition decreased fungal
population in the medium containing rumen liquor in in vitro fermentation, but no such effect was observed in the rumen liquor
of sheep fed TS. Tea saponins had a minor effect on the pattern of rumen fermentation and hence on nutrient digestion. When
added at 3 g/day in diets, TS could improve daily weight gain and feed efficiency in goats. No positive associative effect
existed between TS and disodium fumarate or soybean oil on methane suppression. Inclusion of TS in diets may be an effective
way for improving feed efficiency in ruminants. 相似文献
53.
Millogo V Norell L Ouédraogo GA Svennersten-Sjaunja K Agenäs S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1017-1025
The aim of the study was to test three different hand-milking techniques (“pull down”, “thumb in”, and “full hand grip”) and
their effects on milk production and teat treatment. This is important since milk production in many tropical areas still
rely on hand-milking. The study was carried out at a peri-urban farm in the Bobo-Dioulasso area in Burkina Faso. Twelve indigenous
Zebu cows in early lactation were used in the study. The sequences of the treatments (hand-milking techniques) and the milkers
were balanced for carry-over effects between successive periods and days, respectively. The sequences were constructed by
using special Latin squares. Yield and composition of saleable milk was not affected by milking technique but there were differences
between the milkers in milk yield. There was also a significant interaction for saleable milk yield between milker and milking
technique. Hemoglobin in milk was measured as an indicator of teat damage. The hemoglobin content was numerically higher in
post-milking strip milk samples than in saleable milk. It was concluded that the amount of milk removed depends mainly on
the milker and how well the milking technique works for the individual milker. No effect of milking technique was observed
on teat treatment. 相似文献
54.
Adrian Muwonge Clovice Kankya Jacques Godfroid Berit Djonne John Opuda-Asibo Demelash Biffa Takele Ayanaw Musso Munyeme Eystein Skjerve 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(5):905-913
To date, the public health relevance of mycobacterial infections in pigs is not well investigated despite high risk of infection.
Recently, there has been a documented increase in opportunistic infections and risk of acquiring opportunistic mycobacterial
infections in HIV/AIDS patients in Mubende district; unfortunately, there has been no published information on the epidemiology
of mycobacterial infections in this area. This study was carried out between September 2008 and February 2009. Investigations
were done to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of mycobacterial infections in slaughtered pigs in Mubende
district of Uganda. A total of 997 pigs (53.7% male and 46.3% female) from 31 different slaughterhouses were examined for
the presence of lesions compatible with TB and mycobacterial infections. Pathologic tissue specimens were collected for culturing
and isolation of mycobacteria. A cross-sectional technique was used based on convenient visits to slaughterhouses but random
selection of individual slaughtered pigs for a detailed post-mortem inspection on a daily basis. The results reflected a 9.3%
and 3.1% (95% CI) prevalence of Mycobacterium species based on necropsy examinations and culture isolation, respectively. The highest prevalence of mycobacterial infection
was recorded in Buwekula County (the mixed agro-zone) whilst the lowest was in Kassanda County (pastoral zone). A multivariable
logistical regression analysis identified age (P ≤ 0.001) and sex (P ≤ 0.05) as risk factors for mycobacterial infections in pigs. Post-estimation statistics of the regression model evaluation
and validation fit it well into the data (HL, χ
2 = 5.9; P = 0.69 for necropsy, HL χ
2 = 2.9; P = 0.94 for culturing). This study documented a high prevalence of mycobacterial infections in slaughter pigs in Mubende district.
The fact that pigs and human often share common housing and environment poses a high risk of zoonotic transmission. This then
warrants further molecular investigation to identify the specific Mycobacterium species and their public health importance in this area. 相似文献
55.
56.
A longitudinal study was done to monitor incidence of livestock diseases in ranch and pastoral herds around Lake Mburo National
Park, in South-western Uganda with a high level of wildlife (impala and zebra) and livestock (cattle and goats) interactions.
East Coast Fever (ECF), abortions, helminthosis and starvation due to drought were major livestock disease problems encountered.
ECF was a major disease affecting mainly calves, causing mortality both in ranch (8.5%) and pastoral (8.2%) herds. Meanwhile,
drought was a more serious in pastoral than ranch herds (p < 0.05), killing 28.5 % and 5.8% of adult female cattle in respective
production systems. Other endemic diseases found and controlled by vaccination were FMD, CBPP and blackquarter. In both cattle
and goats helminthosis was causing mortalities, 3.3% and 0.8% among calves in pastoral and ranches respectively; and 4.8%
and 6.9% among kids and sub-adult goats respectively. Many cases of abortions occurred among pastoral herds. In conclusion,
the disease incidence among livestock was the same or relatively low as compared to other areas without wildlife. 相似文献
57.
T. Reg Preston 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1071-1080
Responding to the challenges posed by global warming, peak oil and biofuels will require a paradigm shift in the practice
of agriculture and in the role of live stock within the farming system. Farming systems should aim at maximizing plant biomass
production from locally available diversified resources, processing of the biomass on farm to provide food, feed and energy
and recycling of all waste materials. The approach that is the subject of this paper is that the generation of electricity
can be a by-product of food/feed production. The concept is the fractionation of biomass into inedible cell wall material
that can be converted to an inflammable gas by gasification, the gas in turn being the source of fuel for internal combustion
engines driving electrical generators. The cell contents and related structures such as tree leaves are used as human food
or animal feed. As well as providing food and feed the model is highly appropriate for decentralized small scale production
of electricity in rural areas. It also offers opportunities for sequestration of carbon in the form of biochar the solid residue
remaining after gasification of the biomass. 相似文献
58.
Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto Sonia Luisa Silva Lages Adriano Oliveira Torres Carrasco Angelo Berchieri Junior 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1607-1614
We analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the Brazilian southeast region for the presence of Salmonella spp. This bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings
from rodents. Additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver
and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. Also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted
to serum plate agglutination using commercial Salmonella Pullorum antigen. No Salmonella spp. was detected in any eggs, caecal content, liver, spleen, carcass and droppings from ostriches and rodents. However,
Salmonella Javiana and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4, 12: i:- were isolated from some samples of feed. The serologic test was negative for all samples. Good sanitary farming
management and the application of HACCP principles and GMP during the slaughtering process could explain the absence of Salmonella spp. in the tested samples. 相似文献
59.
Afshin Raoofi DVM DVSc Seyed Hossein Mardjanmehr DVM PhD Majid Masoudifard DVM DVSc Farajollah Adibhashemi DVM DVSc Peyman Asadian DVM PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(12):588-591
A 4-year-old crossbred Thoroughbred mare was referred to the University of Tehran Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a mass in the pelvic cavity. The mare had been partially anorectic and pyrexic. On clinical examination, the mare was thin and depressed, with body temperature of 38°C, a pulse rate of 38 beats/minute, and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. Palpation per rectum revealed a large, smooth and tense mass in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of a soft tissue mass with a thick wall. The inner surface of the mass had a villous-like appearance. The stroma of the mass was mottled, with accumulation of speckled and hypoechoic to slightly hyperechoic fluid. Hormone assays revealed low serum concentration of testosterone. Serum progesterone concentration indicated that active luteal tissue and serum estradiol concentration was 24 pg/ml. On histological examination, the sections from the tumor were composed of oval- or spindle-shaped cells loosely arranged in diffuse sheets or irregularly interlacing fascicles. On the basis of these histological findings, the large tumor mass of the left ovary was considered to be a thecoma. To our knowledge, the details of the clinical, ultrasonographic, endocrinologic, and histologic findings of this tumor in the mare have not been described in the veterinary literature. 相似文献
60.
Marco Pietra Renato Giulio Zanoni Angelo Peli Barbara Brunetti Nikolina Linta Ombretta Capitani Giuseppe Spinella 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):12