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951.
In water-limited regions, oases are important localities for maintaining ecological biodiversity and supporting social and
economic development. For oases situated by the side of rivers, variability of streamflow is often considered as a dominant
factor influencing the vulnerability of oases forest, whereas other factors receive much less attention. Here we argue that
ecological and hydrological processes creating spatial habitat heterogeneity and particularly the change of habitat structure
through time are critical aspects when assessing vulnerability of oasis forest. This is demonstrated by dendroecological studies
of a dynamic landscape in Ejina Oasis in the lower reach of Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China. Our results
show that radial growth of euphrates poplar trees in Ejina Oasis did not follow the variation of streamflow coming from the
middle reach, and the poplar tree-ring growth did not change in the same way from one site to the other. An index of multi-directional
change (MDCi) is defined from tree-ring data to describe the change in spatial habitats through time. We propose that the decreasing trend
of MDCi indices since the 1950s is related to persistently increasing human activities, whereas high-frequency variability in MDCi indices is related to frequent and strong local disturbances such as windstorms as well as human activities that directly
cause changes in streamflow. The results obtained from this study have potentially broad implications for identifying dryland
ecosystems that are at risk or susceptible to change, and for making spatially explicit decisions for rational utilization
of water resources. 相似文献
952.
Purpose
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal, accumulated in soil by anthropogenic activities and has serious effects on soil microbial activities in contaminated soils. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable data on the effects of Cd in the soil-plant system, since most of the information on Cd-microorganism interactions in soils are based on sewage sludge without plants. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of Cd on soil microbial activities and community structure during growth of plant. 相似文献953.
954.
955.
Jiwan P Palta 《Potato Research》2010,53(4):267-275
Calcium plays a major role in plant growth and development and in the maintenance and modulation of various cell functions,
especially related to membrane structure and function and to cell wall structure. Calcium stabilizes cell membranes by bridging
polar head groups of phospholipids at the membrane surface. Calcium is also an integral part of the cell wall where it provides
stable intra-molecular linkages between pectin molecules, resulting in cell wall rigidity. A change in the cytosolic calcium
concentration is also known to provide a cellular signal that regulates metabolism and mediates plant responses to stresses. 相似文献
956.
Kimihiko Hyakumura 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(3):349-367
A progressive part of protected area management program in Lao PDR is a land and forest allocation program which contains
critical elements that delegate right of land and forest use to local people. This study analyzes the gap between the original
intent of the program and its actual implementation by local officials in Phou Xang He protected area, and discusses policy
issues that need to be addressed. It appears that several types of non-compliance with regulations by local people have occurred,
with local officials tacitly ignoring infractions. By switching viewpoints, however, it appears that the local officials permit
these infractions as a way of allowing local people to secure their livelihoods. As constraints on the realities of land and
forest use vary widely in and around villages in different locales, there is a need for government to allow local officials
flexibility in implementing policies. 相似文献
957.
958.
Spike glycoprotein cleavage recognition site analysis of infectious bronchitis virus. 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The spike glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, is translated as a precursor protein (So), then cleaved into two subunits (S1 and S2) by host cell serine proteases. In this study, we compared the cleavage recognition site of 55 IBV isolates to determine if the cleavage recognition site sequence, which consists of five basic amino acid residues, correlates with host cell range, serotype, geographic origin, and pathogenicity as it does in orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. The most common cleavage recognition site observed (33 of 55 viruses) was Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg, representing at least 11 different serotypes. Thus, cleavage recognition site does not appear to correlate with serotype. We also determined that cleavage recognition site sequence does not correlate with pathogenicity because attenuated and pathogenic isolates (different passages of the same virus) contain identical cleavage recognition site sequences. In addition, nephropathogenic strains had the same cleavage recognition site sequence as many nonnephropathogenic isolates. Cleavage recognition site sequence does correlate with viruses in different geographic regions, which may be an important characteristic to examine in epidemiologic studies. An IBV monoclonal antibody neutralization-resistant mutant (NR 18) had an unusual substitution of Ile for Arg at the fourth position, giving the sequence Arg-Arg-Ser-Ile-Arg, which likely prevents cleavage and, thus, destroys the conformationally dependent monoclonal antibody binding epitope. Six residues on the amino-terminal side of the cleavage recognition site are conserved in 31% of the isolates and consist of only one or two basic amino acids. Thus, the number of basic residues around the cleavage recognition site does not appear to correlate with increased cleavability, host cell range, and increased virulence as it does with envelope glycoproteins in orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. 相似文献
959.
Chin-Cheng Huang Fan Lee Wen-Jeng Tu Shu-Hwae Lee Ten-Shiang Huang Yeou-Liang Lin Ming-Hwa Jong Shih-Yuh Lin 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,84(4):317-326
The O/Taiwan/99 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a South Asian topotype of serotype O, was introduced into Taiwan in 1999. The Chinese yellow cattle infected by the virus did not develop clinical lesions under experimental and field conditions. A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with the 3AB antigen, a polypeptide of FMDV non-structural (NS) proteins, was used to evaluate the development and duration of anti-3AB antibodies, proving active viral replication, in the Chinese yellow cattle. The specificity of the assay was 99%, as was established with negative sera from regularly vaccinated and from na?ve cattle. The sensitivity tested with sera from naturally infected animals was approximately 64% and it was lower than that obtained by serum neutralization (SN) test. Under experimental infection, the Chinese yellow cattle developed lower anti-3AB antibodies than that developed in other species. Duration of anti-3AB antibodies was traced in two herds of naturally infected animals, indicating that anti-3AB antibodies persisted for approximately 6 months after outbreaks. On the basis of this study, we propose that the Chinese yellow cattle may have natural resistance, which limits viral replication and reduces the development of anti-3AB antibodies. 相似文献
960.
Joohyun Jung DVM MS Mincheol Choi DVM PHD Jinhwa Chang DVM Sungjoon Won DVM Woqjo Chung DVM Hojung Choi DVM MS Kichang Lee DVM MS Junghee Yoon DVM PHD Hyunkwon Ha MD PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(6):642-645
This study was performed to evaluate and optimize a small bowel contrast technique using barium and methylcellulose in dogs. Ten healthy dogs underwent both a conventional upper gastrointestinal study that used only barium and a modified study that used barium and methylcellulose. The control group received 10 mL/kg of 40% barium suspension. Experimental groups were divided into three subgroups given 15 mL/kg of different viscosities (low, moderate, and high viscosity) of 0.5% methylcellulose after 4 mL/kg of 40% barium suspension. Compared with the control group, dogs receiving methylcellulose had higher-quality upper gastrointestinal studies. Moderate viscosity of methylcellulose was superior to the other methylcellulose groups. In conclusion, the use of methylcellulose is a simple and effective method for improving the image quality in an upper GI examination. 相似文献