Effect of alkyl chain length on thermochromism of novel nitro compounds

A series of novel nitro compounds containing different alkyl chain length (x=2∼5), 1,5-bis(hydroxyalkylamino)-2,4-dinitrobenzene (BDBx), are synthesized and their thermochromic behavior is investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. All the BDBx crystals synthesized show yellow color at room temperature. BDBx (x=2∼4) samples display orange color even in the solid when heated above respective thermochromic transition temperature, while the yellow color of BDB5 changes to orange with melting. The orange color of BDBx crystals returns to yellow when cooled down to room temperature, indicating that the thermochromic behavior of BDBx is reversible. The thermochromic transition temperatures of BDBx crystals are found to be decreased with increasing the alkyl chain length, exhibiting evenodd fluctuation.     

Preparation of regenerated cellulose fiber via carbonation (II)

Sodium cellulose carbonate (CC-Na) dissolved in 8.5 wt% NaOH/ZnO (100/2–3, w/w) aqueous solution was spun into some acidic coagulant systems. Diameter of regenerated cellulose fibers obtained was in the range of 15–50μm. Serrated or circular cross sectional views were obtained by controlling salt concentration or acidity in the acid/salt/water coagulant systems. Velocity ratio of take-up to spinning was controlled up to 4/1 with increasing spinning velocity from 5 to 40 m/min. Skin structure of was developed at lower acidity or higher concentration of coagulants. Fineness, tenacity and elongation of the regenerated cellulose fibers were in the range of 1.5–27 denier, 1.2–2.2 g/d, and 8–11.3%, respectively. All of CC-Na and cellulose fibers spun from CC-Na exhibited cellulose II crystalline structure. Crystallinity index was increased with increasing take-up speed.     

Comparative effects of feeding a protease inhibitor-enriched potato protein concentrate and soy flour to rats

Rats were fed casein diets to which had been added a potato protein concentrate (PPC) at a level which provided trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitor activities comparable to that present at the same level (10%) of protein derived from raw soy flour. Control groups consisted of the same diets in which the unheated PPC and raw soy flour were replaced by their heated counterparts in which over 90% of the inhibitor activities had been destroyed. After 5 weeks the following measurements were made: (1) growth, (2) PER, (3) pancreas weight, (4) protein digestibility, (5) a peptide test that reflects pancreatic function, and (6) enzyme activities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase) in the pancreas and small intestine. PPC was found to produce the same general pattern of effects as raw soy flour, namely, an inhibition of growth, a decrease in PER and protein digestibility, an increase in the size of the pancreas, an increase in the recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid in the peptide test, and a depletion of enzyme in the pancreas with concomitant increases in the intestines (except for trypsin). PPC was somewhat more effective than raw soy flour in causing an increase in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the faces.     

VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal development and secondary metabolism

Differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. In Aspergillus nidulans, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism. VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development. VeA bridges VelB to the nuclear master regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. Deletion of either velB or veA results in defects in both sexual fruiting-body formation and the production of secondary metabolites.     

Nitric oxide represses the Arabidopsis floral transition

The correct timing of flowering is essential for plants to maximize reproductive success and is controlled by environmental and endogenous signals. We report that nitric oxide (NO) repressed the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants treated with NO, as well as a mutant overproducing NO (nox1), flowered late, whereas a mutant producing less NO (nos1) flowered early. NO suppressed CONSTANS and GIGANTEA gene expression and enhanced FLOWERING LOCUS C expression, which indicated that NO regulates the photoperiod and autonomous pathways. Because NO is induced by environmental stimuli and constitutively produced, it may integrate both external and internal cues into the floral decision.     

Extracellular proteome of Trichoderma harzianum to identify proteins with biotechnological value

Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 parasitizes and controls many phytopatogenic fungi and is applied commercially as biological control agent. The production of hydrolitic enzymes appears to be a key factor in the parasitic process. We tested the endo-esochitinolitic and glucanolitic activities of culture filtrates of T22 grown under carbon and nitrogen starvation or in presence of biomass or cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. …     

日粮中不同代谢能、降解蛋白和非降解蛋白水平对泌乳前期细毛羊生产性能的影响

用87只2～3岁的河北细毛羊进行了粗蛋白水平为10.6％～22.2％;代谢能为11.05～11.98MJ/kg;降解蛋白(RDP/CP)为77.1％～87.6％和不同非降解蛋白(UDP)为44.91～57.94g/日/只等4个水平对泌乳前期母羊体重、泌乳力及羔羊生长发育影响的研究,同时探讨了羔羊日吮乳量与羔羊平均日增重的关系。试验结果表明,河北细毛羊泌乳前期(1～50天)ME、RDP和UDP的适宜供给量分别为1.02MJ/kgW~(0.75)/d、9.20g/kgW~(0.75)/d和3.08g/kgW~(0.75)/d。羔羊平均日吮乳量(X)与日增重(Y)的关系为Y=0.0072+0.2536X(r=0.5201,P<0.01)。在低营养水平饲养条件下,适当给母羊增加降解氮食入量,可提高增重和泌乳量。     

基于CT扫描技术的沥青混合料虚拟劈裂试验

为了研究不同类型沥青混合料的抗拉性能,采用Burgers模型表征沥青砂浆的黏弹性能,通过Computer Tomography(CT)扫描技术和有限元方法建立了基于沥青混合料细观结构特征的虚拟劈裂试验模型,并通过室内实测结果进行模型准确性验证。以劈裂劲度模量、拉应力最大值、拉应力平均值、拉应力方差以及应力集中性参数作为评价指标,分析了各细观结构因素对不同类型沥青混合料抗拉性能的影响。结果表明:分别从定性和定量方面证实了建立的沥青混合料虚拟劈裂试验模型具有较好的准确性;与AC-20混合料相比,AC-13混合料表现出更优的抗裂性能和应力分散能力;级配和集料分布特征均对沥青混合料抗裂性能造成影响;采用橡胶沥青或者SBS改性沥青可以显著增强沥青砂浆抗变形能力和沥青混合料抗拉性能;空隙的存在导致在一定程度上降低了沥青混合料的抗裂性能。因此,在进行虚拟仿真分析时必须准确地表征沥青混合料非均质的细观结构特征,才能有效地反映其宏观力学特性。     

低度白酒浑浊的研究与分析

对市场上酒精度为40%的白酒浑浊产生的原因进行分析。引起白酒固形物超标的主要原因是生产加浆水硬度较大、使用贮罐贮酒容器不当、勾兑酒时大量加入添加剂、发酵不良或蒸馏操作不当等。提出了企业应改进和提高生产技术的措施,以使白酒中的固形物降低到较低的水平。