New prenylated benzoic acid and other constituents from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus Batsch).

One new prenylated benzoic acid derivative, 3-prenyl-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxylbenzoic acid, and three known constituents, catechin, protocatechuic acid, and ursolic acid, have been isolated from the hulls of almond (Prunus amygdalus). Complete assignments of the proton and carbon chemical shifts for the new prenylated benzoic acid derivative were accomplished on the basis of high-resolution 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance data. All of these compounds except ursolic acid are being reported from almond hulls (P. amygdalus) for the first time.     

Modulatory effects of functional rice cultivars giant embryo and Aranghyangchal on the body weight and lipid metabolism in mice fed with a high fat diet

The effects of the functional rice cultivars giant embryo and Aranghyangchal on the body weight and lipid metabolism in male C57BL/6N mice under high fat diet conditions were investigated. The animals were randomly placed into four dietary groups: normal control (NC group), high fat (HF group), and high fat supplemented with giant embryo (HF-GE group) or Aranghyangchal (HF-AR group). After 8weeks, a marked increase in the body weight and plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were found in the HF mice relative to the control group. However, the addition of the functional rice samples in the high fat diet reduced the body weight gain and significantly decreased the lipid levels through inhibition of lipogenesis and regulation of adipokine production. The results demonstrate that the functional rice grains giant embryo and Aranghyangchal may both be useful as biomaterials in the development of functional food with therapeutic potential against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia.     

Assessment of growth and seed oil composition of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) germplasm

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics and fatty acid composition among 15 kenaf mutants derived from the kenaf germplasm C14 and 15 kenaf accessions originating from Russia, India, China, Iran, and Italy. The overall growth performance (plant height, stem diameter, flowering date, leaf, and flower size) of the stem color mutant lines derived from C14 are similar to those of the original variety. However, the flower color mutant lines derived from C14 showed flowering to occur 10 days later when compared with the original variety and showed smaller leaf sizes than the original variety. Late-ripened kenaf accessions (Jinju, Auxu, and Jnagdae) can yield more bio-mass compared with early or medium-maturing germplasm. The late maturity kenaf (Auxu, Jinju, and Jangdae) has a higher oil percentage than the early maturity germplasm. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all kenaf seeds. The stem color mutant lines significantly surpassed the parental means of all saturated fatty acids. In addition, the flower color mutant lines showed broad ranges of variation in oleic acid. The 15 accessions showed a wide range of fatty acid compositions, spanning from 29.75 to 38.30% saturated fatty acids and 61.70 to 70.24% total unsaturated fatty acids, and the late maturity kenaf has a higher linoleic acid percentage than the early maturity germplasm. The flowering period was highly positively (P ≤ 0.01) correlated with the plant height, stem diameter, oil percent, and linolenic acid (C_18:3), and it was significantly negatively (P ≤ 0.01) correlated with stearic acid (C_18:0). These results will provide valuable information to assist the parental selection of kenaf breeding.     

Changes in the Functional Components and Radical Scavenging Activity of Korean Maize Hybrids According to Different Cropping Seasons

We evaluated the proximate composition, free sugar content, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, total phenol content, and radical scavenging activity of the grain from various Korean maize hybrid cultivars grown in two different cropping seasons. The moisture, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein, total starch, and amylose contents were significantly higher in most of the maize hybrid cultivars when grown in the early-season than when grown in the late-season. The free sugar content, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, and total phenol content differed significantly between cultivars and cropping seasons. The highest unsaturated fatty acid compositions of maize hybrids of early-season and late-season were 86.05 and 86.29%, respectively, in the Daanok cultivar. The carotenoid contents were significantly higher in maize hybrids of late-season compared to those of early-season. The highest total phenol content was 108.09 mg/100 g in Singwangok of the late-season. The radical scavenging activity of maize hybrids differed significantly between cultivars and cropping seasons.     

马铃薯输送臂防碰控制的研究——基于虚拟样机技术

结合马铃薯联合收获机输送臂系统的防碰工作原理,利用虚拟样机技术,建立输送臂的虚拟样机模型,并对二自由度输送臂系统的运动防碰进行了位置分析和预测,在基于对运动防碰问题分析的基础上,提出机械臂位置控制的算法。在虚拟样机软件ADAMS中建立了控制系统,并分析了系统运行的动态特性,得出输送臂的实际运动轨迹与理想轨迹基本接近的结论,解决了输送臂运动防碰问题,说明机械臂位置控的算法应用在马铃薯输送臂上是可行的。     

Identification of a RAPD marker linked to a brown planthopper resistance gene in rice

We report the tagging of a brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene (Bph–1) in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers. The Korean rice variety ‘Gayabyeo’ has dominant duplicate genes including Bph–1 conferring resistance to biotype 1 of BPH. Bulked segregant RAPD analysis was employed for rapid identification of DNA markers linked to resistance genes. For tagging these two genes, an F2F3 population from a ‘Gayabyeo’ × ‘Nagdongbyeo’ cross was developed and evaluated for BPH resistance. Three bulked DNAs from two groups of homozygous BPH resistant (each for Bph–1 and the other unknown gene) and homozygous susceptible F2 plants were analyzed by RAPD using 140 random oligomers. One primer, OPD–7 yielded a 700-bp fragment that was present in Gayabyeo and resistant F2 plants (homozygous for Bph-1 locus) but absent in Nagdongbyeo and susceptible F2 plants. Cosegregation of this marker with Bph-1 was verified using an F2 population segregating for Bph-1. Chromosomal regions surrounding the Bph-1 were examined with additional RFLP and microsatellite markers on chromosome 12 to define the location of the RAPD marker and Bph-1. Use of this RAPD marker could facilitate early selection of resistant lines for BPH. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

荔枝酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

利用溶剂萃取法对荔枝酒中的挥发性成分进行提取,采用气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）技术对其分析,经过NIST 02谱库检索对比,在荔枝酒中共检测出68个峰,鉴定出67种化合物。醇类和酯类是荔枝酒中香气贡献最大的两类化合物。初步得出该荔枝酒中的特征香气化合物为β-里哪醇、香叶醇和2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇。     

我国林木种子活力研究进展

种子活力是种子学研究中的热点问题，本文针对我国林木种子活力研究的进程与现状进行了系统的总结，对研究中的一些热点问题进行了深入分析讨论，提出了林木种子活力研究目前存在的主要问题及其解决的建议。     

魔芋试管微球茎成熟度对其储藏及萌发率的影响

种子在母体植株上的干燥过程是种子完成从发育到萌发的一个重要转换点。魔芋组织培养中诱导试管微球茎过程中，在色泽上有1个明显的变化过程。本实验将这个过程分为3个阶段，对不同采收时期的微球茎进行储藏及萌发研究，结果表明，不同采收期的微球茎，储藏后的萌发率具有较大的差异，而且这种差异与魔芋种具有较大的相关性，这种差异与其保水性能有关。同时对试管微球茎收获度对储藏后萌发率影响的机制进行了初步的探讨。     

芥菜型油菜黄黑种皮多酚差异的紫外-可见光谱研究

以芥菜型自交系黄黑油菜种皮为材料,研究了其多酚提取液的紫外-可见吸收光谱, 测定了芥菜型油菜黄黑种皮样以没食子酸和茶儿茶素标准计的多酚含量,发现黄种皮的多酚含量约为黑种皮的90%,显著区别于甘蓝型油菜的10%,因此多酚含量高可能是芥菜型黄籽油菜性状稳定的根本内因。基于香草醛试验,推测黑种皮中含有3-OH的黄烷醇类多酚,而黄种皮中没有。基于加入位移试剂后特征吸收谱带Ⅰ与Ⅱ的位移方向与大小,推测黄酮醇类多酚A环在黄种皮中可能主要为单酚羟基,而在黑种皮中可能主要为邻二酚羟基结构。这种多酚分子的结构差异可能是形成芥菜型油菜黄黑种皮色泽差异的主要原因。