无锡茶园不同修剪模式对茶小绿叶蝉发生量的影响

为优化春茶后茶园修剪模式,提高小绿叶蝉控制率,对福鼎大毫和福鼎大白进行不同修剪时间和不同修剪高度的比较,综合结果显示,福鼎大毫以4月28日修剪高度45 cm,小绿叶蝉总控制率最高;福鼎大白以5月25日修剪高度45 cm,小绿叶蝉总控制率达到最高.     

6个铁线莲品种杂交F1代表型性状遗传分析

【目的】分析对比铁线莲Clematis杂交亲本与杂交一代(F1)之间表型性状的差异,探究铁线莲杂交的遗传变异规律。【方法】以6个铁线莲品种为亲本,开展了4个杂交组合试验,对F1代的表型性状进行统计分析。【结果】(1)F1代的花期与双亲相比出现分离,但多介于亲本之间。(2)F1代花色发生广泛分离,紫罗兰色的遗传力高于红紫色以及复色紫罗兰色和紫色,白色相对于红紫色为相对隐性性状;F1代的花药颜色未发生分离,黄色花药对于粉红色和红色花药为相对显性性状。(3)F1代的萼片宽度、叶片长度、叶片宽度表现出超亲性状,总平均值分别为中亲值的111%、114%和119%;F1代的花梗长度、花直径、萼片长宽比及叶片长宽比均小于双亲,后代总平均值分别为中亲值的85%、89%、91%和82%;F1代的萼片长度和节间距变化不明显,总平均值分别为中亲值的98%和102%。(4)花部5个数量性状和叶片4个数量性状之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05),其中叶片长度与叶片宽度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),且相关系数最高为0.940,趋于连锁遗传。【结论】F1代的大部分表型性状(除花药颜色外)都发生了变异,仅...     

土壤养分异质性对入侵植物节节麦与小麦竞争关系的影响

【目的】土壤养分异质性在自然界中广泛存在,会对植物间的竞争关系造成影响。分析土壤养分异质性对入侵植物竞争能力的影响,可为其入侵危害研究提供参考。【方法】以入侵杂草节节麦Aegilops tauschii及其主要危害作物小麦Triticum aestivum为试材,设置同质性及异质性养分条件,结合de Wit取代实验方法,依据株高、叶面积及生物量等指标,探讨了土壤养分异质性对节节麦生长发育及其与小麦竞争关系的影响。【结果】(1)土壤养分异质性促进了小麦和节节麦幼苗株高、叶面积及单株分蘖数的增加,2种植物总生物量增加显著(P<0.05)。(2)种间竞争条件下,异质性土壤中节节麦的根冠比降幅最大,表明节节麦通过将更多的生物量分配至地上以加大对小麦的竞争抑制作用。(3)从竞争平衡指数可知：异质性土壤中节节麦的竞争平衡指数大于0,并较同质性土壤中略有增加,表明土壤养分异质性一定程度上促进了节节麦对小麦的竞争作用。【结论】土壤养分异质性促进了节节麦幼苗的生长发育,并提高了其对小麦的竞争抑制作用。因此认为,土壤养分异质性会进一步加剧节节麦对小麦的危害程度。图5表1参46     

集约化猪场长大母猪繁殖性状的相关分析

本文对1020头长大母猪,2107胎次的若干繁殖性状进行了统计分析。结果表明,母猪的不同胎次对产仔数、合格产仔数、平均个体初生重均有显著影响;3～7胎次的母猪繁殖性能比较稳定,明显优于其它胎次（P〈0．05）;夏季和早秋的高温对母猪受胎率的影响表现为受胎率下降、不合格仔猪发生率上升、平均个体初生重减小;母猪的乳头数与断奶头数、断奶个体重均呈显著的正相关;总产仔数、产活仔数与断奶个体重呈负相关。本研究将为改进规模化猪场的技术管理、确定母猪的利用年限、提高母猪生产水平和生产效益提供参考。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖性能研究进展

本文从三个方面综述了燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖性能研究进展。首先从食品血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)、餐后血糖、空腹血糖和α-淀粉酶活性等方面阐述了燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖的功效,进而介绍了燕麦β-葡聚糖的结构因素——分子量和含量,以及食品加工过程对其降血糖功效的影响,最后综述了燕麦β-葡聚糖几种可能的降血糖机制,以期对后续研究提供参考。     

离子交换纤维对麦田土壤铅污染的修复效果

为探讨土壤Pb污染的治理方法,通过盆栽试验,比较了离子交换纤维的两种不同放置方式(分层放置与混匀放置)对麦田土壤Pb污染的修复效果。结果表明,在土壤1 000 mg·kg~(-1) Pb污染水平下,Pb污染处理(T1:Pb胁迫;T2:Pb+在土壤中分三层放置纤维;T3:Pb+在土壤中混匀剪碎的纤维)的土壤pH值、总有机碳含量较对照(CK:未添加Pb和离子交换纤维)有所降低。在小麦成熟期,T2、T3处理下土壤和植株各部位的Pb含量均低于T1处理,其中T3处理变化显著;T2、T3处理中纤维吸附的Pb含量则分别达到115.01和128.26 mg·kg~(-1)。T2、T3处理的Pb富集系数低于T1处理及CK。由此说明,离子交换纤维能够有效吸附土壤中的Pb,降低Pb从土壤向植株的转运能力,且离子交换纤维混匀放置方式的修复效果较好。     

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on chondrocyte apoptosis and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in rabbits with osteoarthritis

AIM To explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on rabbit osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS The rabbits with knee osteoarthritis were prepared and then divided into model group, sodium hyaluronate (SH) group and PRP group, and another sham operation group was set up, with 6 rabbits in each group. The gross morphological changes of rabbit cartilage were observed. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathomorphological changes of the cartilage. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway-related molecules was observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Chondrocytes were isolated and processed according to grouping, and the NLRP3 and IL-1β levels of the cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with sham operation group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, chondrocyte apoptotic rate, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in SH group and PRP group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P<0.05). In PRP group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were lower than those in SH group, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was higher than that in SH group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of NL?RP3 and IL-1β in MCC950 (NLRP3 ihibitor) group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression of NLRP3 in eucalyptol (IL-1β inhibitor) group was not significantly changed (P>0.05), and the expression of IL-1β was significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma promotes the repair of cartilage in osteoarthritis rabbits, which has better effect than SH. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and the reduction of chondrocyte apoptosis.     

柠檬新品种‘黄绣球’

‘黄绣球’是从沃尔卡姆柠檬芽变培育而来的柠檬新品种。树姿呈开张状,春梢刺少且刺长度适中;嫩叶中间绿色,外缘淡红色;部分成熟叶外缘黄色,中间绿色。果实圆形且表面光滑,幼果果面呈黄绿相间带状条纹,转色期绿色部分变为橙色,果面橙黄相间,完全成熟后果面以黄色为主,留红色斑点。具有较高的观赏价值,适合制作盆景。