Effects of glucose and Mg2+ in the neurons damaged by glutamate

AIM and METHODS: To observe the effects of glucose-free and Mg²⁺-free in the extracellular fluid on the changes of [Ca ²⁺]_i in the cerebro-cortical neurons damaged by 1mmol/L glutamate using laser confocal scanning microscope. RESULTS: Both frequency and amplitude of neuronal calcium oscillation induced by glutamate were lowered in glucose-free and Mg²⁺-free buffers. The basic [Ca²⁺]_i concentration was lowered in the former case , but it was elevated in the latter case. CONCLUSION: Mg²⁺-free aggravates [Ca²⁺]_i overload induced by 1mmol/L glutamate ,under certain conditions the glucose-free might resist damage role of glutamate and Mg²⁺-free.     

微波辅助提取亚麻木脂素工艺及快速检测方法的研究

采用微波辅助提取法从亚麻籽饼粕中提取开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷(Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside,SDG),确定了微波辅助最佳提取条件为70%乙醇,固液比为1∶8(g/mL),预浸搅拌30 min,辐照时间5 min,微波功率700 W。并建立了直接定性分析亚麻籽饼粕中SDG的TLC方法。经HPLC检测,亚麻籽饼粕中SDG含量为1.64%,微波辅助提取SDG粗提物产率为6.89%,纯化后SDG含量可达20.23%。结果表明:微波辅助提取制备SDG的方法与传统分离方法相比,得率高、工艺操作简单且安全无毒。     

臭氧化降解除草剂2,4-D的机理研究(Ⅱ):降解路径

为了考察除草剂2,4-D在臭氧化反应过程中的降解机理,在前文分析中间产物的基础上,进一步跟踪反应溶液中几个主要中间产物和氯离子的浓度变化趋势,由此提出可能的降解路径。结果说明,2,4-D臭氧化降解过程主要是羟基自由基的间接氧化起作用,臭氧分子的直接氧化所占比重很小。对前文分析出的主要中间产物进行分类,并通过判断反应溶液中中间产物和氯离子浓度随反应时间变化的趋势,可知2,4-D在羟基自由基作用下,主要先产生了2,4-二氯苯酚等含氯的酚类,再经过脱氯,形成无氯的芳香族化合物。苯环结构开裂后,形成了大部分有机酸,另一小部分有机酸在2,4-D初步降解为含氯芳香族化合物时即可产生。脱氯过程有一个初始较慢后来较快的趋势,这说明2,4-D直接脱氯较少,大部分脱氯过程发生在形成2,4-DCP等含氯芳香族中间产物后,此时,脱氯产生无氯的芳香族中间产物。在最后的深度氧化阶段,经过一系列中间产物反应之后,部分2,4-D能降解为水、二氧化碳等终产物。     

农村小额信贷的国际考察与借鉴

该文介绍了国际农村小额信贷的多种模式及成功经验;分析了我国现行小额信贷的现状,探讨了如何因地制宜,通过制度供给的方式,推进我国小额信贷发展的建议。     

木质生物炭对厌氧发酵产甲烷性能的影响

为研究木质生物炭对厌氧发酵产甲烷性能的影响,以玉米秸秆、牛粪作为发酵底物,以灌木生物炭、杨木生物炭、混合木屑生物炭作为添加剂,通过控制生物炭的种类、粒径以及灰分含量等关键因素,进行了批式厌氧发酵强化试验.结果表明:生物炭对厌氧发酵系统有重要影响,且粒径越小,产气能力越强.其中,杨木生物炭对厌氧发酵系统影响最大,不仅提升...     

微囊化技术在制造常温型活菌酸奶中的应用

[目的]活菌型酸奶具有肠道保健功能主要得益于其中的活性乳酸菌,但在产品运输、货架期内活性乳酸菌会快速死亡,直接限制了酸奶健康功效的发挥。[方法]引入细胞微囊化和复合生物防腐剂技术,通过筛选合适的芯材和囊材,构建了适用于活性乳酸菌的微囊包埋体系,并采用复合生物抑菌剂对酸奶体系进行微生物质控,通过添加酸奶稳定剂强化酸奶在常温下的稳定性,实现在常温环境下活菌数的大幅提高。[结果]实现产品在常温30℃环境下保存30天,活性乳酸菌含量能达到初始含量的53.6%,微囊外微生物浓度为0,酸奶质地未有任何变化,脂肪上浮厚度为0.5 mm;风味评分8分以上,占比97%。     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

9SB-2.4型草原松土补播机的研制与试验

为了大面积改良天然退化草场,加快畜牧业持续发展,改善草原生态环境,研制了一种多功能牧草免耕补播机,该机在不破坏原生植被的情况下,可对退化草场进行免耕补种,加快退化草场恢复产草量。该文介绍了该机的工作原理、主要工作部件结构特点,并对该机的播种性能进行了台架试验和田间试验。试验结果表明：该机可一次完成切开草皮、切断草根、开沟、播种和覆土等项作业,播量为7.5～90 kg/hm²,开沟深度10～90 mm,适宜大面积天然草场机械化改良。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

邻烯丙基苯酚对植物病原真菌抑制机理初探

用含毒介质培养法测定了邻烯丙基苯酚(银果)对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia cerealis的影响。通过培养观察发现,邻烯丙基苯酚可抑制番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子的产生、促进灰霉病菌菌核的形成及苹果腐烂病菌子囊壳的形成。光学显微观察表明:用50μg/mL的邻烯丙基苯酚处理番茄灰霉病菌菌丝后,菌丝伸长缓慢,分支间距缩短,分生孢子形成受到抑制。电镜观察表明:经邻烯丙基苯酚处理后,番茄灰霉病菌菌丝内液泡增多,苹果腐烂病菌菌丝细胞壁增厚,小麦纹枯病菌菌丝中内质网处泡囊增多。