Evaluating reclamation levels of coastal saline soil using laboratory hyperspectral data

Considerable proportions of coastal saline tidelands in China have been reclaimed for agricultural land uses in the past 30 years. This study aims to investigate the potential utility of laboratory hyperspectral data for evaluating the reclamation levels of those saline lands. A coastal region of Shangyu City (Zhejiang Province) was used as the study area, which was then grouped into four subzones according to the reclamation history. Soil samples were collected at each subzone, and they were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content and low organic matter; the longer the saline lands have been reclaimed, the lower the electrical conductivity and sand content are and the higher the organic matter content is. These changing trends of the soil chemical and physical properties can be indicated by the laboratory reflectance spectra of the soil samples. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) was applied to select and identify six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions, saline lands with different historical years of reclamation were classified with an overall accuracy of 86.6% in a self-test and 89.3% in a cross validation. Finally, this study suggests that remotely sensed hyperspectral data serve as promising measures to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline soil, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations. Published in Russian in Pochvovedenie, 2007, No. 10, pp. 1226–1233. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

家蚕病原性微孢子虫孢子表面蛋白的选择性分离与总蛋白比较分析

选择性分离了Ｎｏｓｅｍａｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ孢子表面蛋白和总蛋白，采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测发现，孢子表面蛋白由分子量不同的３种亚基（３２０００、２６０００、２４５００Ｄａ）组成，其总蛋白至少包括２５个条带。同时将从养蚕生产中收集到的两种微粒子ＭＡ－１和ＭＤ－１以及从野外昆虫收集到的微孢子虫Ｐｈａ－Ｍ和Ｈａ－Ｍ与Ｎ．ｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓ进行了比较，发现不同微孢子虫间蛋白组成有差异。     

湖南省动物疫情测报站的作用与管理

湖南省根据地理区域和养殖业结构情况,合理布局建立了18个省级动物疫情测报站,通过对测报站辖区内及定点养殖场户的生产、免疫、疫病等情况进行持续跟踪调查和监测采样,评估动物群体免疫状态及疫情发生风险。管理上通过优化网络布局,提高诊断监测能力,通过强化培训和责任管理,提升动物疫情测报水平,确保了动物疫情测报质量。动物疫情测报站在发现新发重大动物疫病,评价强制免疫病种免疫效果,提供疫情预警预报基础数据以及指导养殖业生产等方面发挥了重要作用。今后需持续增加投入和监测科技含量,改善设施设备,稳定技术队伍,这是提高动物疫情测报监测的根本保障。     

中棉与纳尔逊氏棉（G. nelsonii Fryx）种间杂种F1的研究

本文研究了中棉（Gossypium arboreum race sinense）与纳尔逊氏棉（G. nelsonii Fryx） 种间杂种F1的一些形态性状的遗传变异及花粉母细胞减数分裂的染色体行为。杂种一代呈筒形，全株密集如毡的绒毛，叶片缺刻浅，似纳尔逊氏棉。除第一朵花为闭花外，其余均为开放花，呈玫瑰红色。少数花药退化成托叶状。减数分裂中期I的染     

大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的等电聚焦电泳过氧化物同工酶分析

等电聚焦电泳是近些年发展起来的分离蛋白质的有效生化技术．操作简便，分辨率高，电泳条带多而且细，信息量大，利于进行深入细致的研究。该文利用等电聚焦丙烯酰胺电泳方法分析了6个大白菜一代杂种及双亲幼苗的过氧化物同工酶电泳图谱，共分离出十几条酶带，F1杂种与亲本间同工酶图谱均表现出明现差异，特别是A鉴别区内的酶带差异最明显，大多为互补型，是主要鉴别区。进一步研究结果表明，6个大白菜品种均可利用过氧化物同工酶鉴别由自交引起的假杂种。利用这项技术大量开展了这6个品种的商品种子纯度检测工作，同时在田间进行了验证性测定，二者结果基本相符。     

棉花品种的群体株高对种子产量影响的研究

品种与密度互作产量之间有显著差异,最能反映品种特征特性的是株型,反映株型的最好指标是株高。在一定生产水平和群体容量范围内,株高与密度呈明显的反相关。品种的群体株高不仅表现直观平面的量化指标(cm),同时可透视动态的立体内涵指标——果枝果节,两者对棉种产量的合理建成具有重要的影响。该文从950块3730公顷棉种繁殖田中随机任择100块,调查群体株高交叉配合的效应,探讨不同群体株高的配合适度及其最佳运筹点,以聚类和回归分析的方法加以验证。研究结果对大面积棉种高产、稳产、优质、高效繁殖具有切实可行的参考价值。     

Orientation and integration of the classical and molecular genetic maps of chromosome 11 in rice

Summary The classical genetic map and molecular map of rice chromosome 11 were oriented to facilitate the use of these maps for genetic studies and rice improvement. Three morphological markers (d-27, z-2, and la) were crossed to a rice breeding line, IRBB21, which has the Xa-21 gene for bacterial blight resistance. Three F₂ populations were analyzed with RFLP markers known to be located on chromosome 11. Segregation analysis of molecular markers and morphological markers was used to construct an RFLP map for each population. The recombination frequency between markers varied from population to population although the marker order on the maps was the same for all three populations. Based on a common set of markers mapped in the three populations, an integrated map was generated consisting of both RFLP and morphological markers. The genetic distance between markers on this map was determined by taking a weighted average of the data from the three populations. The oriented map serves as a bridge to understand the relationship between the classical and molecular linkage maps. Based on this information, the location of several genes on the classical map can be approximated with respect to RFLP markers without having to map them directly.     

利用煤炭燃烧废弃物的绿化基质试验

为了给废弃地的生态治理提供优质、价廉的植生基质,促进废弃物的再利用,应用正交试验设计方法,将粉碎后的炉渣、秸秆及未经处理的粉煤灰作为基质组成的3因素,选用L9（3^4）正交表安排各因素的配比,得到9种基质,测定各基质的物理化学特性,并分别在各基质中播种高羊茅,观测分析高羊茅的出苗率、成活率和生物量,得到最优化的基质类型为A2B2C3,粉煤灰、炉渣、秸秆体积配比为2：2：3,各因素的主次关系依次为B（炉渣）—A（粉煤灰）-C（秸秆）。     

胡萝卜复合火腿和香肠的质构特性及显微结构(简报)

为探索蔬菜复合肉制品品质特性的评价方法,分别用物性分析仪和扫描电镜研究了胡萝卜复合火腿和香肠的质构特性和显微结构。质构测定结果表明:与对照组相比,HLB-1复合火腿(鲜胡萝卜25%)和HLB-2复合火腿(胡萝卜粉2.5%)的硬度分别降低了70.94%和57.23%,咀嚼度分别降低了64.81%和34.86%;与对照组比较,胡萝卜复合香肠(鲜胡萝卜25%)的硬度和咀嚼度分别降低了30.84%和51.30%。感官评定结果表明:与对照组比较,胡萝卜复合火腿和香肠的口感更柔和细腻、嫩度更好。通过扫描电镜对产品结构的观察表明:在添加了鲜胡萝卜的火腿和香肠中均发现了圆形光滑的小颗粒状物质,复合肉制品内部的细微结构均匀、结构比较膨松,这在一定程度上解释了胡萝卜复合火腿和香肠的感官和质构特征。     

两种土壤水分特征曲线间接推求方法对黄土的适应性评价

土壤水分特征曲线(SWCC)是模拟土壤水分运动和溶质运移的一个重要参数,利用十壤的基本物理性质来间接推求SWCC的方法已经成为当今土壤物理学领域的研究热点.为了比较两种SWCC间接推求方法——Arya-Paris物理经验方法(简称AP方法)和Tyler-Wheatcraft分形几何方法(简称TW方法)对黄土的适应性,该文分析了黄土高原296组土壤颗粒分布、容重和水分特征曲线等资料,利用简化的Fredlund(Fred3P)模型模拟得到连续的十壤颗粒分布曲线,然后应用AP和TW方法预测出相应吸力下的土壤含水量.研究结果表明,对于黄十性土壤,AP和TW两种方法的预测结果均达到了一定的精度,相比较而言AP方法的预测效果明显优于TW方法,且受质地影响小.