全文获取类型
收费全文 | 82679篇 |
免费 | 5107篇 |
国内免费 | 770篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 3169篇 |
农学 | 2511篇 |
基础科学 | 676篇 |
9879篇 | |
综合类 | 16456篇 |
农作物 | 3056篇 |
水产渔业 | 3810篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 42920篇 |
园艺 | 1139篇 |
植物保护 | 4940篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 741篇 |
2020年 | 821篇 |
2019年 | 1008篇 |
2018年 | 1365篇 |
2017年 | 1581篇 |
2016年 | 1400篇 |
2015年 | 1343篇 |
2014年 | 1516篇 |
2013年 | 2938篇 |
2012年 | 2885篇 |
2011年 | 3473篇 |
2010年 | 2308篇 |
2009年 | 2186篇 |
2008年 | 3100篇 |
2007年 | 2974篇 |
2006年 | 2695篇 |
2005年 | 2612篇 |
2004年 | 2319篇 |
2003年 | 2375篇 |
2002年 | 2245篇 |
2001年 | 2501篇 |
2000年 | 2540篇 |
1999年 | 1950篇 |
1998年 | 793篇 |
1997年 | 709篇 |
1995年 | 742篇 |
1993年 | 666篇 |
1992年 | 1534篇 |
1991年 | 1727篇 |
1990年 | 1645篇 |
1989年 | 1595篇 |
1988年 | 1476篇 |
1987年 | 1539篇 |
1986年 | 1581篇 |
1985年 | 1404篇 |
1984年 | 1193篇 |
1983年 | 1020篇 |
1982年 | 681篇 |
1979年 | 1062篇 |
1978年 | 834篇 |
1977年 | 676篇 |
1976年 | 711篇 |
1975年 | 750篇 |
1974年 | 1007篇 |
1973年 | 989篇 |
1972年 | 958篇 |
1971年 | 879篇 |
1970年 | 857篇 |
1969年 | 810篇 |
1967年 | 702篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
A technique was developed for the measurement of levels of caesium radionuclides (137Cs+134Cs) in live reindeer, cattle, and sheep and in carcasses from these species. The instrument used was a sodium iodide scintillation detector coupled to a portable multi-channel analyser.Based on a combination of background measurements and measurements of impulses from animals with the detector in different anatomical positions we recommmend the following procedures: Lamb: The detector placed on os sacrum (standing animal). Reindeer: The detector placed between the hind legs (animal lying on its side). Cattle: The detector placed on the back of the standing animal, midway between os sacrum and trochanter major.Average geometrical factors for live animals were estimated. It was a linear correlation between measured activity levels in meat samples and counted impulses per sec in live animals. Geometrical factors were estimated at 95% confidence level with uncertainty between 6–14%. The detection limits varied between 50–200 Bq (becquerel)/kg in areas with ground depositions between 5–200 kBq/m2. Since the winter 1986/87 the technique has been the standard procedure for monitoring slaughter animals and carcasses for radiocaesium activity concentrations. 相似文献
942.
943.
Van de Weerdt ML Coghe J Uystepruyst C Deby-Dupont G Lekeux P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(1):39-49
The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate which arachidonic acid metabolites contributed to platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced pulmonary dysfunction; and (2) to compare the effect of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenylbutazone and ketoprofen in a model of PAF-induced reversible lung inflammation in six calves. In placebo and phenylbutazone groups, PAF infusion induced significant dysfunctions in the pattern of breathing, mechanics of breathing and gas exchange. These dysfunctions were prevented by ketoprofen pretreatment, except for the mechanics of breathing which was moderately but significantly altered by the PAF challenge. In all calves, leukotriene (LT) B4 plasma concentrations did not significantly increase above baseline values at any time. Prostaglandin (PG) E2 plasma concentrations showed a minor significant increase in phenylbutazone pretreated calves (55.8 +/- 25.8 pg/mL from 36.7 +/- 16.13 pg/mL). Thromboxane (TX) B2 plasma concentration was significantly increased during PAF challenge in placebo- and phenylbutazone-pretreated groups, but not in ketoprofen-pretreated calves (1580.0 +/- 1370 from 42.7 +/- 10.7 pg/mL; 2340 +/- 477 from 63 +/- 32 pg/mL; and 36.5 +/- 4.12 from 39.3 +/- 12.0 pg/mL, respectively). These data suggest that TXA2 is an important cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid produced in response to PAF and that ketoprofen (intramuscular injection, 3 mg/kg) is more effective than phenylbutazone (intramuscular injection, 10 mg/kg) in preventing respiratory dysfunctions induced by the PAF challenge 30 min after drug administration. Ketoprofen did not suppress totally the PAF-induced changes in mechanics of breathing, which suggests that PAF or a secondary release of mediators could have a direct action on airway smooth muscle. 相似文献
944.
This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 can modulate hormone-dependent differentiation of granulosa cells in vitro. Granulosa cells from small (1 to 5 mm) follicles were collected from cattle, cultured for 2 d in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, washed, and then treated for an additional 2 d in serum-free medium with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (50 ng/ml), recombinant human IGF-I (0, 1.3, 4.0, or 13.3 nM), or recombinant human IGFBP-3 (0 to 4.26 nM). In one series of experiments, IGFBP-3 (0.53 and 2.13 nM) inhibited (51% to 92% decreases; P < 0.05) progesterone and estradiol production induced by 1.3 nM of IGF-I, but did not influence (P > 0.10) granulosa cell numbers or steroidogenesis in the absence of IGF-I. Only 4.26 nM of IGFBP-3 inhibited (by 35%) the increase in granulosa cell numbers induced by 1.3 nM of IGF-I. In another series of experiments, 13.3 nM of IGF-I, but not 4.0 nM of IGF-I, was able to completely overcome the inhibitory effect of 4.26 nM of IGFBP-3 on estradiol production. The increase in cell numbers induced by 4.0 and 13.3 nM of IGF-I was attenuated (P < 0.001) by 4.26 nM of IGFBP-3. In a third series of experiments, IGFBP-3 inhibited 125I-IGF-I binding to granulosa cells. These results indicate that IGFBP-3 has a pronounced inhibitory effect on IGF-I action in cultured bovine granulosa cells, and that this inhibitory effect is likely attributable to IGFBP-3 binding/sequestering IGF-I. Thus, IGFBP-3 may play a significant role in regulating granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis during follicular development in cattle. 相似文献
945.
Matsas DJ Warnick LD Mechor GD Seib LN Fatone S White ME Guard CL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(6):826-828
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a commercially available water hardness test kit could be used to measure total serum calcium concentration and diagnose hypocalcemia in dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 30 dairy cows from 19 commercial herds. PROCEDURE: Serum calcium concentration was determined using a water hardness test kit and a standard, laboratory-based method. Simple linear regression was used to determine whether there was a linear relationship between results of the 2 methods, and Spearman's rank correlation was used to calculate correlation between measurements. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of using test kit-derived values for diagnosis of hypocalcemia (laboratory value < 8 mg/dl) were calculated. RESULTS: There was a high correlation and significant linear relationship between results of the 2 methods. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test result, and predictive value of a negative test result were 100, 73, 86, and 100%, respectively. Accuracy was improved by using a test kit-derived calcium concentration of 7 mg/dl as the cut-off for determining hypocalcemia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results indicate that a commercially available water hardness test kit can be used as a rapid, inexpensive method of estimating serum calcium concentrations and diagnosing hypocalcemia in dairy cattle. However, the test is not practical for cow-side use, because blood samples must be centrifuged to obtain serum for use in the test kit. 相似文献
946.
Hall JA Wander RC Gradin JL Du SH Jewell DE 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(3):319-327
OBJECTIVE: To determine effect of diets with variable n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratio on CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and on results of routine laboratory analyses (CBC and total WBC count, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalysis). ANIMALS: 20 healthy, aged (9.5 to 11.5 years old) female Beagles. PROCEDURE: Dogs were fed 1 of 3 diets that contained 6% fat by weight but differed in amounts of n-6 and n-3 FA. For 11 weeks, 6 dogs were fed a low concentration of n-3 FA (ratio, 31:1), 7 were fed a medium concentration (5.4:1), and 7 were fed a high concentration (1.4:1). Preprandial blood and urine samples were collected before beginning the study and at 8 weeks for evaluation of laboratory variables. Before and at 3, 6, and 8 weeks during the study, blood was drawn for total WBC and lymphocyte counts and for characterization of T-cell subpopulations. At 8 and 10 weeks, dogs were vaccinated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin suspension. Blood was drawn 4 days after each vaccination, and lymphocytes were isolated for flow cytometry. Effects of diet and vaccination on each variable were determined. RESULTS: After vaccination, total lymphocyte count increased and CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the CD4(+)-to-CD8+ ratio decreased in dogs consuming the diet with n-6-to-n-3 FA ratio of 1.4:1. CONCLUSION: Feeding a diet with n-6-to-n-3 FA ratio of 1.4:1 had significant effects on CD4+ T lymphocytes in healthy, aged Beagles after vaccination. 相似文献
947.
L A Beluche A L Bertone D E Anderson C W Kohn S E Weisbrode 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(5):577-582
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether enrofloxacin has detrimental, dose-dependent effects on equine articular cartilage in vitro. ANIMALS: Cartilage explants were developed from 6 healthy horses between 0 and 96 months old. PROCEDURE: Patellar cartilage explants were incubated in 5 concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 microg/ml, 10 microg/ml, 1,000 microg/ml, 10,000 microg/ml, and 50,000 microg/ml) for 72 hours. Proteoglycan synthesis (Na35SO4 incorporation for 24 hours), proteoglycan degradation (Na35SO4 release for 72 hours), endogenous proteoglycan content (dimethylmethlene blue assay), and total protein content were determined. Cartilage explants were evaluated by use of histomorphologic and histomorphometric techniques (toluidine blue stain) for cytologic and matrix characteristics. Quantitative data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA to compare results among various enrofloxacin concentration groups and the control group. A general linear model was used to determine whether age had an effect. RESULT: Proteoglycan synthesis was excellent in control specimens and in specimens incubated in low concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml). High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) effectively eliminated proteoglycan synthesis regardless of horse age. Proteoglycan degradation at low concentrations (2 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml) was not different than control. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) caused significant degradation. Different concentrations of enrofloxacin did not affect endogenous proteoglycan. High concentrations of enrofloxacin were associated with a significant increase in number of pyknotic nuclei. CONCLUSION: Concentrations of enrofloxacin that might be achieved following systemic administration did not suppress chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) were toxic to chondrocytes. 相似文献
948.
L Fodor J Varga I Hajtós T Molnár 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1999,46(4):241-247
The biochemical and serological characteristics of 486 P. haemolytica and 31 P. trehalosi strains (517 in total) isolated from different lesions of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry were examined. A total of 476 P. haemolytica strains (97.9%) showed the characteristics typical of the former biotype A of P. haemolytica, while 10 isolates (2.1%), all from poultry, could not be biotyped. A total of 481 strains (93.0%) could be assigned to one of the 17 serotypes of P. haemolytica-P. trehalosi and 36 strains (7.0%) could not. The majority (83.6%) of the cattle isolates were serotypes A1 and A2. Among strains isolated from sheep all serotypes of P. haemolytica could be identified with the exception of A14, but serotypes A1, A2, A6, A8 and A5 were the most frequent. The overwhelming majority (94%) of the caprine isolates were A2, other serotypes occurred only sporadically. The pig isolates, which could be isolated only very rarely, represented different serotypes, while none of the 10 strains isolated from poultry could be biotyped or serotyped. 相似文献
949.
The study was conducted in a peri-urban agricultural system at Botshabelo, a city in the south-eastern Free State. A questionnaire survey revealed that 88.5% of cattle farmers in the area experienced problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases. Because of the cost of commercial acaricides the Botshabelo farmers use alternative, cheaper methods of tick control, including the application of used engine oil. The specific aim of the study was to determine whether used engine oil can effectively control ticks on cattle. From March to August 1996 the tick burdens of ten control animals and six animals treated by their owner with used engine oil were compared. The total tick burdens for the 6 month period differed significantly between the two experimental groups. The efficacy of the used engine oil on the treated group varied between 15.1% and 64.8% with a mean of 38.1%. Although commercial acaricides can be more cost-effective, the application of used engine oil can be useful to reduce tick numbers on cattle during periods of peak abundance. Another advantage in that the use of the oil will not influence existing endemic stability of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections because of the residual tick burdens after treatment. 相似文献
950.
The incidence of caseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and experimental vaccines. 下载免费PDF全文
K Stanford K A Brogden L A McClelland G C Kozub F Audibert 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1998,62(1):38-43
In Alberta, caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is one of the leading causes of lamb and mutton carcass condemnation. In this study, serologic results confirmed a high (50-94%) incidence of exposure to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of CLA, in mature, unvaccinated sheep in southern Alberta. To assess the efficacy and impact of vaccination with 2 commercial (Glanvac-6 and Case-Vac) and 1 experimental (WC+ MDP-GDP) CLA vaccines, a series of 3 field trials in 3249 ewes and lambs was conducted in affected flocks from 1992-1996. Efficacy was assessed from the serological response to vaccination, prevalence and size of injection site reactions by treatment, and the incidence of CLA abscesses. Overall, agglutinating antibody titres to C. pseudotuberculosis in lambs vaccinated with WC+MDP-GDP and Case-Vac remained significantly elevated above nonvaccinated control lambs for the 12 mo period after the initial vaccination. Lambs vaccinated with the WC/MDP-GDP maintained higher titres (P < 0.06) than those vaccinated with Case-Vac for the period from 6 to 12 mo after vaccination. Agglutinating antibody titres for lambs vaccinated with Glanvac did not differ from those of controls at any point during the 12 mo period after vaccination. The number of injection site reactions was elevated in lambs vaccinated with Glanvac as compared to those vaccinated with WC+MDP-GDP but the size of injection site reactions did not significantly differ. Sheep vaccinated with WC+ MDP-GDP also had a reduced incidence of putative CLA abscesses, although confirmation of the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis was only successful in a small number of instances. 相似文献