Physiological effects of different Cd concentrations on maize root architecture and classification北大核心CSCD

In this research, a hydroponics experiment was conducted to apply different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 μmol·L-1) to maize seedlings with two leaves and one new leaf, in order to explore the effects of the different Cd concentrations on the maize seedling growth, Cd absorption kinetics and root morphology and classification. After 5 days of Cd stress, the maize seedings were sampled, the plant height, main root length, aboveground and underground biomass, root architecture, Cd content and photosynthesis and related parameters were measured. It was found that with increasing Cd stress, the plant height, main root length, biomass and tolerance index of shoots and roots, total root length, root surface area, root volume, root forks and root tips all decreased significantly; Root average diameter and root:shoot increased significantly (P<0.05). Meanwhile root parameters (root length, root surface area and root volume) of root diameter classes designated Ⅰ-Ⅲ (0-1.5 mm) showed a decreasing trend, which had a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with root Cd concentration. The proportion of root length, root surface area and root volume with diameter between 0-0.5 mm showed a downward trend under Cd stress. Under Cd stress, Cd concentration and accumulation in underground and aboveground parts of maize seedlings increased significantly, chlorophyll content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. This study has shown that Cd affected root development mainly by inhibiting the growth and morphology of fine roots, and inhibited photosynthesis, elongation and biomass accumulation of the aboveground and underground parts of the maize seedings. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

松潘乌头嫩茎高效再生体系的建立

以松潘乌头（Aconitum sungpanense）嫩茎切段为外植体进行不定芽诱导和植株再生试验。松潘乌头初生嫩茎长至5 ~ 10 cm时将其切下作为外植体诱导不定芽,MS + 6-BA 4.0 mg • L-1 + NAA 1.0 mg • L-1是较适合的分化培养基,分化率达94.8 %,平均芽数4.2;不定芽增殖以MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg • L-1 + IBA 0.3 mg • L-1效果较好,在此增殖培养基中加入青霉素G钾5 mg • L-1,GA3 0.3 mg • L-1,蔗糖为50 g • L-1,琼脂7 g • L-1,对玻璃化苗的控制效果较好,增殖倍数可达7.26,苗高达4 cm左右;生根培养基以1/2MS + IAA 0.3 mg • L-1较为理想,平均生根数为10条左右,生根率为96%以上;瓶苗移栽于森林土和草碳（1∶1）混合基质中生长良好,成活率达90%以上。     

塑料连栋温室黄瓜生长温度数学模型的研究

为提高塑料连栋温室黄瓜的栽培水平,以能量平衡理论为分析平台,将温室中的空气温度拟合于栽培环境模型中,运用MATLAB程序模拟,并以试验验证模型。结果表明,该模型物理意义明确,便于数值模拟,且模拟结果与试验吻合好。就温室内5月份空气温度模拟而言,回归直线拟合度高,R2=0．8999,绝对误差在±0．85℃之内,平均相对误差9．1％。对回归方母=ax＋b,a与b的标准误差Sa=0．0352〈a／2,Sb=0．1053〈b／2。     

柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍状况的主分量分析

采用主分量分析（PCA）方法对柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍化状况进行了研究，结果表明，该地属于中重度氯化物盐渍地、耕作层含盐量在0．5％－4．0％之间，盐分表聚强烈，基本无自然淋溶过程。耕作层第一、二主分量显著，累计贡献率高达95．0％左右，反映了该区土壤含盐量及盐离子分布规律，认为全盐量、Cl^-,Mg^2＋是该弃耕地盐渍环境的特征因子。     

秋水仙素离体诱导对非洲紫罗兰形态的影响

以非洲紫罗兰丛生芽为外植体,研究了秋水仙素在不同浓度(5、102、0 mg/L)及不同处理时间(102、03、0 d)对其形态的影响。结果表明:以10 mg/L秋水仙素处理30 d的丛生芽诱变频率最高,达32.5%。诱导苗在叶长、叶厚、叶宽、叶色等外部形态上与对照苗相比具极显著差异,其叶下表皮内的气孔和保卫细胞长、宽与对照相比差异极显著,且单位面积气孔数减少。     

葡萄加工副产品的综合利用研究

葡萄加工后的副产物葡萄籽、皮常常作为废料,被丢弃或发酵后用作肥料。这样不仅造成环境的污染,而且也不利于充分利用资源。而从中提取出有效物质并进行加工利用,既可以降低生产成本,又可以提高资源的利用率。因此,对葡萄加工副产物的综合利用研究,具有十分重要的意义:变废为宝——既保护环境,又提高经济效益。通过对葡萄加工生产产生的副产品的综合利用情况的论述,发现利用方法主要有:从葡萄籽中提取葡萄籽油、低聚原花青素(OPC)以及单宁等物质,从发酵后的皮渣中提取色素、果胶、酒石酸等物质。     

灌溉方法对温室栽培番茄产量及水分利用效率的影响

用温室小区栽培试验的方法,研究滴灌、渗灌、沟灌三种灌溉方法对番茄养分吸收、产量及水分利用效率的影响;结果表明,温室番茄栽培采用渗灌灌溉,在其它条件相同的情况下,1 m3灌溉用水生产出的番茄数量是沟灌的1.9倍、滴灌的1.2倍,滴灌则是沟灌的1.6倍;在番茄生长的整个生育期内,滴灌土壤水吸力平均值最大为24.20 k Pa,渗灌次之为23.11 k Pa,沟灌最小为22.01 k Pa;土壤温度表现出一定差异,但差异相对较小。沟灌处理番茄果实氮素含量高于滴灌和渗灌,而滴灌能够促进番茄的营养器官对氮素的吸收。渗灌和滴灌能有效地调控耕层土壤水分,有利于土壤养分供应,具有明显的节水、增产效果,是理想的设施番茄栽培灌溉模式。     

瞬时表达比较2种不同的RNAi载体的干涉效果

 RNAi with natural defence mechanism of homologous RNA degradation is widely used in research of antiviral plant. It is important to construct a highly efficent RNAi vector for transgenic plants of virus resis-tance. In this study, part fragments of coat protein gene of Potato virus Y (PVY) (451-750 bp) were inserted into the two expression vectors. Vector pROKY300 without intron and pHelY300 with PDK and CAT introns on the hpRNA stem were constructed. The silence efficiency of virus resistance of the two vectors was investigated as 88% (22/25)for pROKY300 and 92% (23/25) for pHelY300 through transient expression mediated by agroinfiltration. The results showed that both vectors were highly antiviral and elucidated the validity of RNAi-medicates resistance to virus.     

猪肺炎支原体及其生物学研究进展

猪肺炎支原体是引起猪支气管肺炎的主要病原 ,严重危害着养猪事业的发展。虽然猪肺炎支原体的结构简单 ,但由于它对营养要求较高 ,故培养难度大 ,也是人们不能对其深入研究的一个主要原因。近年来利用克隆技术 ,对猪肺炎支原体从基因水平上进行了多种研究 ,已经取得了一些可喜成果。文章从它的生物学特性、荚膜结构、膜蛋白研究以及基因水平的研究等方面进行了综合性论述 ,并简明地指出了目前研究中存在的问题以及未来展望     

4株酸奶噬菌体的分离

从上海光明乳业股份有限公司车间发酵罐中分离出4株酸奶噬菌体。1号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为95.1nm，头部剖面平均面积为8184．8nm^2，尾部的平均直径为18．3nm，平均长度为403．4nm；2号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为85．4nm，头部剖面平均面积为8046．2nm^2，尾部的平均直径为23．3nm，平均长度为549．4nm；3号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为95．5nm，头部剖面平均面积为9792．3nm^2，尾部的平均直径为19．8nm，平均长度为450．5nm；4号噬菌体头部呈六角形，平均直径为119．3nm．头部剖面平均面积为12586．1nm^2，尾部的平均直径为23．6nm，平均长度为520．5nm。