Establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rat models by passive cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide

AIM:To establish rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) models by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS) or passive cigarette smoking only, which would be similar to the pathogenesis of human COPD. METHODS:48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.(1) Healthy control I group(n=12), rats were bred 4 weeks;healthy control II group(n=12), rats were bred for 3months. (2) Model group I (n=12), 200μg lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was instilled intratracheally once for every two weeks and the rats were exposured to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 4 weeks.(3) Model group II(n=12),rats were exposed to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 3 months. The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissues, pulmonary function and blood gas analysis were determined. The airway wall lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were counted. The cross areas of epithelial layer, smooth muscle layer and lamina propria of bronchi were measured. The hydroxyproline of lung tissue homogenates was determined by biochemistry method.RESULTS:The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissue of two models were similar to but milder than those of COPD patients(biopsy data). The collagen deposition and the cross areas of epithelial layer and smooth muscle layer in airway walls of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control groups(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).FEV_0.3/FVC% of two model groups, PaO₂ and SaO₂ of model I group were significantly decreased, while R_i and R_e in model I group were significantly increased than that of control I group(P＜0.05). The PaCO₂ and the counts of lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages of both model groups were significantly increased than those of the control groups (P＜0.01). Lots of alveolar macrophages had phagocyted smoke granules. The amounts of hydroxyproline of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control group((P＜0.05) and were negatively related to the FEV_0.3/FVC%, respectively (P＜0.01,P＜0.01) and positively related to airway resistance of model I group(P＜0.01). CONCLUSIONS:COPD rat models were successfully established by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of LPS and cigarette smoking only. The pathologic changes were similar but milder than those of COPD patients. The airway obstruction of model I group was more severe than that of model II group, but they have no significant difference.     

Relationship between expression of somatostatin and DNA ploidy in breast cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between somatostatin and the pathologic type, estrogen receptor,DNA ploidy of nuclei in tumor cells of breast cancer.METHODS: 67 cases of primary breast cancer and 25 cases of benign breast tumor were examined by immunohistochemical stretomyces avidin peroxidase method. 26 cases of breast cancer selected at random were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Somatostatin expressed significantly higher in low malignant breast cancer than that in high malignant breast cancer (P<0.05). Most of cancers with positive staining of somatostatin were diploidy,most of cancers with negative staining were aneuploidy,there had significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Somatostatin may delay the progress of breast cancer,and somatostatin levels in cancer tissues may become a useful indicator for assessing prognosis of patients with breast cancer.     

Effects of carvedilol,cilazapril and their combination on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rats

AIM:To compare the effects of carvedilol, cilazapril and their combination on left ventricular remodeling(LVRM) after acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four hours after AMI operation, 100 surviving rats were randomly assigned to: ①AMI control(n= 25), ②AMI+carvedilol(1 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1, n= 25)(C1), ③AMI+cilazapril(1 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1, n= 25)(Z1), and ④ AMI+combination(n= 25) groups. Sham-operated group(n= 17) were selected randomly. After 4 weeks of therapy with the drugs gastric gavage, hemodynamic and pathological studies were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in MI size among the four AMI groups(all P> 0.05) Left ventricular(LV) end diastolic pressure(LVEDP), volume(LVV), weight(LVW) and septal thickness(STh) were all higher and left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise and fall(±d p /d t) were lower(all P< 0.01) in AMI group than sham-operated group. The LVEDP, LVV, LVW and STh were all lower and ±dp /dt were higher in Z1, C1, and combination groups than those in AMI group(P< 0.05, P< 0.01), with LVEDP and STh were more lower in the combination group than in the two monotherapy group(P< 0.05, P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in other variables among the three therapy groups. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol, cilazapril and their combination all can prevent from LVRM after AMI in rats, improve hemodynamics and LV function, with the combination superior.     

稻水象甲发生规律与药剂试验方法的探讨

稻水象甲是国际检疫对象，已经是我国北方水稻产区最重要害虫之一，并且呈迅速蔓延之势。此虫主要借助交通工具作远距离传播。成虫危害叶片，幼虫危害根系。一年繁殖一代但有两个危害高峰。新农药田间药效试验如果针对防治成虫、幼虫或者兼治，应在相应的时间、采取不同的方法进行。     

灰葡萄孢菌nit突变体的诱导及其在营养体亲和性测定中的应用初探

 从山西运城、临汾、长治、晋中、大同等地保护地黄瓜灰霉病病株上采集、分离的分属于3个不同菌丝融合群的8个灰葡萄孢菌单孢菌株,经氯酸盐诱导处理,共获得了抗氯酸盐的硝酸盐利用缺陷突变体(nit突变体)59株,其中nit1型38株,nit3型10株,nitM型11株。所有nit突变株分别在PDA斜面转管培养3次(21 d)后,除6株恢复成野生菌株外,其余多数nit突变菌株表现稳定。来源于同一野生菌株的不同类型nit突变体间或同一菌丝融合群不同野生菌株的nit突变体间可产生互补反应而形成异核体,其中以nitM型突变株互补性最好,在利用nit突变体测定灰葡萄孢菌营养体亲和性时应作为标准菌株。来源于不同菌丝融合群的nit突变体间不能产生互补反应。     

利用RT-PCR检测库尔勒香梨苹果茎痘病毒的研究

 以库尔勒香梨新鲜、冷藏、冷冻叶片和皮层为材料,对提取双链RNA (dsRNA)的2种方法和提取总RNA的3种方法进行了分析比较,并对总RNA的提取方法进行了改进,获得了纯度较高、完整性较好的dsRNA和总RNA,在此基础上进行了反转录(RT)和PCR扩增。在国内首次完成了对苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)的RT-PCR检测,建立了ASPV有效RT-PCR反应体系。用此体系扩增到ASPV一个长约316 bp的片段。实验表明以dsRNA和总RNA为模板均能成功进行RT-PCR检测,且dsRNA优于总RNA。     

侵染甘薯的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)

 甘薯由于甘薯病毒的普遍存在而造成大幅度减产。甘薯病毒种类复杂,主要有甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(SPFMV)、甘薯潜隐病毒(SPLV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)。     

淡紫拟青霉菌料防治大豆胞囊线虫的后效研究

淡紫拟青霉不同菌株的培养菌料，施２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，对大豆胞囊线虫不但当年有４５％～６９％的较好防效，而且第２年和第３年仍然有２２．５％～３７．７％和７．３％～２２．９％的后效，即空胞囊和被寄生的胞囊数量增加。     

春麦田除草剂的应用与杂草群落演替

作者采用定点定位试验,对春麦田除草剂应用与杂草群落演替趋势进行研究。结果表明:在杂草群落多样性麦田,小麦连作并分别连续5年施用同一种除草剂,原杂草群落中占优势的靶标杂草得以控制,而非靶标杂草和抗、耐药性杂草因失去竞争和制约对象而猖獗发展,发生量较原来增加几倍至几十倍,并形成优势种群,对小麦造成新的更严重的危害。一种除草剂在同田块连续施用4年,由于杂草群落演替,抗、耐药杂草兴起,除草效果显著下降而失去其使用意义。作者提出除草剂配套使用、轮用、混用等措施,并配合以合理的轮作制度,以减轻杂草群落长期受到单一的定向选择性压力。     

乳猪体内糖类的消化和吸收研究

乳猪小肠内葡萄糖的分布状况既与饲料的碳水化合物种类和数量相关，也与小肠的不同部位相关，十二指肠段和空肠段分别是乳糖、淀粉类碳水化合物分解和葡萄糖吸收的主要部位血糖浓度离肝脏越远含量越低，而与饲料中糖类含量的多少无关。