叶龄对不挂果荔枝营养成分的影响

不挂果荔枝(Litchi chihens-is Sonn.,CV BengaⅠ)叶片中 N、K、Zn 的浓度一般随叶龄(2—25周)的增大而下降,而 Ca、Mg、Na、Cl、Fe、Mn、B则升高,N 和 Cu 的浓度随施肥水平而变,测定单项养分,依特定的养分可采取嫩叶或老叶,但同时测定多种养分,则取新梢的老熟叶片,或前一次梢的第一、二张叶片较为合适:荔枝低产通常可以归因子养分的不足(Menzel 和 Simpson,1987)。尽管叶片分析已广泛应用于研究果树的营养问题(Shear 和 Faust,1980),但对于荔枝叶片制定的标准只是根据有限的试验(Menz-el 和 Slmpson,1987)。要使叶片分析可靠地用于诊断营养状况,几种因素必须考虑,即叶龄、叶位、品种、气候、季节、病虫害和时间等(Robson,1981)。生理年龄可能是影响植物矿质养分的最重要因素(Bates,1971)。作物负荷、土壤类型、气候或栽培措施基本上不会改变养分浓度与叶龄之间的关系,但施肥水平却可能使树体营养纵向位移,以叶片反映树体营养状况的灵敏性还受到生理叶龄的影响(Guardiola,1974)。对于柑桔类,当叶龄为3—4月时,叶片含氮量与产量之间具有最好的相关性。本文研究了与生理叶龄(从出叶开始)有关的荔枝养分的变化,以及建立标准采样程序的重要资料。     

Circadian and ultradian rhythms of body temperature and peripheral concentrations of insulin and nitrogen in lactating dairy cows

To investigate possible circadian and ultradian periodicities for peripheral insulin and urea in lactating dairy cows, integrated 15-min blood samples were taken sequentially over 48 hr from six cows. In addition, radiotelemetry measurements of body temperature were averaged over the same 15-min periods. Cows were housed in an environmental chamber at 19 degrees C with lights on 0700 to 2300 hr; fed daily at 0900 hr; and milked at 0800 and 2000 hr. For five of the six cows, body temperature showed a circadian rhythm peaking at 2323 hr with an amplitude of 0.34 degree C. For the sixth cow, body temperature was 180 degrees out-of-phase, peaking at 1230 hr with an amplitude of 0.12 degree C. Circadian rhythms for insulin and urea were consistent for all six cows peaking at 1743 hr with an amplitude of 0.74 ng/ml for insulin and at 1034 hr with an amplitude of 3.83 mM for urea. Body temperature and insulin also displayed episodic increases that often exceeded the amplitudes of circadian rhythms. For body temperature, a broad increase in spectral power was seen for periods between 100 and 175 min; time intervals between peaks averaged around 100 min. For insulin, power spectra for individual cows universally indicated rhythms with periods of approximately 45 and 80 min; time intervals between peaks averaged approximately 65 min. For urea, almost all spectral energy was confined to the 24-hr rhythm, although there was evidence of a low-amplitude, 60-min rhythm. In conclusion, when animals are acclimated to a rigidly controlled environment and frequent blood sampling is accomplished with minimal intervention, it is possible to detect rhythms inherent in the regulation of metabolic variables.     

A zinc-containing intraruminal device for facial eczema control in lambs

A zinc-containing intraruminal device has been developed for protecting lambs against facial eczema. The rate of release of zinc from the device has been optimised, and its safety in use established. Under both experimental and farm conditions, the device gave excellent protection against the liver injury associated with facial eczema. The device relies upon erosion for release of zinc, and disappears completely when its charge of zinc has been released, leaving no metal or plastic residue in the rumen. This device has the potential to greatly ameliorate the problem of facial eczema in New Zealand.     

Intravenous administration of levothyroxine for treatment of suspected myxedema coma complicated by severe hypothermia in a dog

A 7-year-old male English Coonhound with suspected myxedema coma complicated by severe hypothermia and metabolic abnormalities was treated with a combination of active external and core rewarming techniques, i.v. and oral administration of levothyroxine, supplemental oxygen, and administration of fluids (0.9% NaCl solution). Myxedema coma develops as a consequence of severe hypothyroidism and is characterized by a hypometabolic, stuporous state. Myxedema coma is associated with a high mortality rate, and most reported cases have involved Doberman Pinschers. Intravenous administration of levothyroxine can be used successfully in combination with oral administration to restore normal metabolic function and assist in warming and thermoregulation, although dosages should be conservative to avoid adverse cardiovascular effects.     

Clinicopathological findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis in Sydney, Australia: 42 cases (1990-2002)

Objectives To review the clinicopathological findings in naturally-occurring, histopathologically confirmed cases of feline infectious peritonitis in client-owned cats in Sydney, Australia, with the purpose of identifying factors assisting in the diagnosis of this complex disease syndrome and to characterise the disease as it occurs in this region.
Design Retrospective clinical study: the clinical records of all cats with histopathologically confirmed feline infectious peritonitis at the University Veterinary Centre Sydney and a private cat hospital in Sydney between 1990 and 2002 were reviewed for signalment, history, physical findings, diagnostic test results and the distribution of histological lesions throughout the body at necropsy.
Results Forty-two cats met the inclusion criteria. Significant features of this study that unique to the contemporary literature are i) the over-representation of certain breeds (Burmese, Australian Mist, British Shorthaired, and Cornish Rex) and the under-representation of other breeds (Domestic Shorthaired, Persian); ii) the overrepresentation of males; iii) the tendency for effusive disease in Australian Mist cats and non-effusive disease in Burmese; iv) the even age distribution of disease seen in cats older than 2 years-of-age; and v) the presence of fulminant immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in two cats in this study.
Conclusion The study highlights the diverse range of clinical manifestations and the complexities experienced by clinicians in diagnosing this fatal disease. Some aspects of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of feline infectious peritonitis appear different to the disease encountered in Europe and North America, most notably the over-representation of specific breeds and the presence of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.