顶空固相微萃取与气质联用法分析黑牦牛肉挥发性风味成分

牦牛(Bos gruniens L.),主要分布在高海拔、低气压、冷季长、暖季短、严寒缺氧、饲草短缺、生态环境极其严酷的高寒高山草原。牦牛肉肉质鲜美,品质优良,蛋白质含量高,脂肪少,且脂肪中胡萝卜素、矿物质丰富,是深受消费者青睐的天然绿色食品。     

玉山黑猪冷冻精液制作初探

为更好保护地方猪种质资源,利用超低温冷冻精液长期保存公猪精液,具有重大的现实意义。根据全国畜牧总站、中国饲料工业协会《关于开展玉山黑猪品种遗传资源生物保种项目的计划通知》要求,2018年～2019年,笔者对玉山黑猪进行了超低温细管冷冻精液制作,冻后活力质量均在35%以上,符合冷冻精液人工授精要求。本文从鲜精采集运输、检测离心、稀释平衡、冷冻制作等方面详细阐述玉山黑猪遗传物质制作过程。     

腌制过程中亚硝酸钠对羊肉脂肪酸组成以及脂质氧化的影响

【目的】为探讨腌制过程中不同亚硝酸钠添加量对羊肉脂肪酸组成以及脂质氧化程度的影响.【方法】以羊肉臀肌为原料,对0、50、100、150 mg/kg亚硝酸钠添加量腌制样品在0、12、24、48、72、168 h的色度、硫代巴比妥酸值、过氧化值、脂肪酸组成、脂质氧化产物以及肌红蛋白含量等指标进行研究.【结果】随着腌制时间的延长,不同亚硝酸钠添加量的脂质氧化程度存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中亚硝酸钠添加量为100 mg/kg的脂质氧化程度最低.当亚硝酸钠的添加量为100 mg/kg时,a^*值比未添加的高39.21%,硫代巴比妥酸值较未添加的低14.64%,过氧化值比未添加的低22.10%.不饱和脂肪酸含量较未添加的低44.57%,饱和脂肪酸含量较未添加的高9.51%,己醛较未添加的低15.24%(P<0.05).【结论】在羊肉腌制过程中添加亚硝酸钠可有效抑制脂质氧化,添加亚硝酸钠为100 mg/kg效果较为理想,研究结果为腌制羊肉制品及调理肉制品的质量调控提供了依据.     

Effects of time and concentration on mortality of phosphine-resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) fumigated with phosphine

The effects of exposure period and phosphine concentration on mortality of susceptible and resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) were investigated. Although S oryzae is one of the world's most serious pests of stored grain there are few data on the practical significance of phosphine resistance in this species. The strains investigated were an Australian susceptible strain, a homozygous resistant strain exhibiting a level of resistance common in Australia and an unselected field strain from China with a much stronger resistance. Fumigations were carried out at 25 degrees C on adults and mixed-age cultures. For adults of all three strains and mixed-age cultures of the susceptible and resistant Australian strains, the relationship between concentration and time could be described by equations of the form Cnt = k. In all cases n < 1, indicating that time was a more important variable than concentration. In all fumigations of adults the resistant strains were harder to kill than the susceptible strain. However, in fumigations of mixed-age cultures, which contained the tolerant pupal stage, the difference between susceptible and resistant strains was more pronounced at lower concentrations than higher concentrations. For example, at 0.02 mg litre-1 the estimated LT99.9 for mixed-age cultures of the Australian resistant strain (27 days) is 3.4 times that of the susceptible strain (8 days), but at 1 mg litre-1 there is no difference between the two strains (4 days). Limited data on the Chinese resistant strain supported this finding. Twenty-three days exposure at 0.02 mg litre-1 had no effect on mixed-age cultures of this strain, but there were no survivors after 5 days exposure to 1 mg litre-1.     

建设工程监理投标过程及其管理要点

对建设工程监理投标过程中各个环节的工作及可能出现的问题进行了分析,对各环节的管理要点进行了探讨。     

李园缺磷原因及克服途径

素有“李果之乡”称谓的永泰县 ,至 2 0 0 1年 ,李果种植面积达 85 78ｈｍ2 ,是我县第一大果树。但产量不高 ,平均每公顷仅 1875ｋｇ ,其原因除了栽培管理粗放外 ,土壤中各种营养元素含量不足或不平衡 ,尤其是有效磷不足 ,是一个重要因素。现代农业栽培要求高产、优质和高效 ,我们对此必须加以重视。1　缺磷原因1 1　成土母质　母质是决定土壤矿物质的基本要素 ,其颗粒粗细、构造和化学成分等 ,都会直接影响土壤通透性、化学性质、保水保肥能力和无机胶体的数量及品质等。如花岗岩母质所风化的土壤呈酸性、土层深厚 ,含磷量却低 ,而由紫色沙…     

Risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil

From September 1995 to February 2001, blood samples were collected from 865 neotropical felids belonging to 8 different species. These animals were housed in 86 institutions located in 78 cities of 20 Brazilian states. Our goal was to identify the risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil. All serum samples were tested by the modified agglutination test (MAT), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. For each animal an individual questionnaire was filled with questions about tattoo number, felid species, age, sex, origin, number of animals in the group, introduction of new animals in the group, time in the institution, eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days in the last 6 months, eating meat of run-over or euthanized animals in the last 6 months, predation of rodents or birds in the last 6 months and presence of domestic cats near the enclosures in the last 6 months. The total sero-prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 52%, 57%). We estimated a prevalence of 46% (95% CI: 40%, 54%) for jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi); 58% (95% CI: 53%, 63%) for ocelot (Leopardus pardalis); 50% (95% CI: 45%, 56%) for oncilla (L. tigrinus); 54% (95% CI: 46%, 62%) for margay (L. wiedii); 12% (95% CI: 4%, 31%) for Pampas-cat (L. colocolo); 83% (95% CI: 65%, 93%) for Geoffroy's-cat (L. geoffroyi); 64% (95% CI: 50%, 68%) for jaguar (Panthera onca) and 48% (95% CI: 42%, 54%) for puma (Puma concolor). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the variables in the questionnaire and sero-positivity to T. gondii. We concluded that the independent risk factors for toxoplasmosis were: age >3 years (OR = 4.75 [2.75; 8.2]), eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days (OR = 2.23 [1.24; 4.01]), and consumption of animals that were run-over or euthanized (OR = 1.64; [1.14; 2.37]).