人工林邻体干扰模型的探讨及与林木生长的关系

本文提出邻体干扰的改进模型：并提出基株与邻体的确定原则和计测方法。以不同密度的华北落叶松人工林为测试对象，分析干扰指数与基株胸径、材积连年生长量、树冠发育、主干高径比等几个主要生长和形质指标的关系，探讨干扰指数与基株对生境资源利用效率的相关变化规律。结果表明，该指数是计测林木生长状况及在林分中所处地位的数量指标。     

秦岭南坡青杄林、青杄—华山松—红桦混交林林地土壤特性研究

本文探讨了秦岭南坡青林及青—华山松7红桦混交林林地土壤的养分、化学性质及酶活性特点。结果表明：针阔混交林林地土壤酸性淋溶过程及物质迁移过程比青林地土壤弱；混交林明显地增加了土壤有机质及N素含量而降低了土壤有效P及有效K的含量；阳离子交换量及水解性总酸度青林地土壤比针阔混交林地高而盐基饱和度比针阔混交林地低，说明了在青林地土壤阳离子交换量中置换性酸所占比例较大而盐基离子所占比例较小；脲酶活性是针阔混交林地比青林地高而磷酸酶活性比青林地低，这与两种林地土壤中水解N及有效P含量高低是一致的。     

含水量对非饱和黄土强度的影响

试验和分析表明，在较大的含水量变化范围内，非饱和黄土的粘聚力和含水量之间呈幂函数关系。依据库伦－摩尔强度准则，非饱和黄土的抗剪强度随外部压力和含水量的变化规律可用强度曲面描述，提出了非饱和黄土强度的临界含水量计算式。     

在黄海北部首次发现短鳍

短鳍 Kyphosus lembus (Cuvier et valenciennes)为热带和亚热带海水鱼类,在我国南海和东海已有记录.1998年8月在辽宁省长海县海域采到标本1尾,系黄渤海区鱼类新记录.     

基于GIS和NFM的鄱阳湖地区经济林地的适宜性评价

土地资源是制约经济增长和改善人民生活最严重的"瓶颈",为了让有限的土地资源得到充分、合理的利用,系统开展区域土地资源空间优化配置的研究是一项十分迫切的任务,而进行经济林用地适宜性评价是土地资源优化配置的重要内容,对制定土地利用规划、进行林业结构调整、保护区域生态环境、实现区域资源环境可持续发展具有重要意义。     

国外苗木质量研究进展

上世纪70年代至90年代末, 国外有关苗木质量的综述很多。经过10多年的研究, 人们对根体积、侧根数、矿质营养等形态和生理指标与苗木造林效果的关系有了更为深刻的认识。文中在这些综述的基础上, 结合最近的研究进展, 对国外苗木质量的研究现状和未来发展趋势进行了综述。针对评价苗木质量的各项指标, 分析了其测定方法和评价苗木质量的能力, 并系统探讨了苗木质量、立地条件和造林效果之间的关系。     

应用热扩散技术对柠条锦鸡儿主根液流速率的研究

运用热扩散技术对柠条锦鸡儿根部液流速率(Fs)进行连续测定,同步进行环境要素的实时监测。选择2008年4—10月30天典型晴天日观测数据。结果表明:1)Fs在晴天日表现出典型的宽峰型正态分布,可划分为4个特征差异明显的阶段,反映了大气环境因子对液流的直接驱动效应,以及柠条锦鸡儿叶片气孔行为对液流变化的调控作用。2)液流的变化受多个环境因子共同驱动,其中潜在蒸发散(ET0)综合性强、与Fs相关紧密,是分析液流特征更为可靠的复合型环境变量。Fs与主要环境因子间的耦合关系因时段而异,在早晨启动的液流上升阶段,Fs与太阳辐射、ET0间均呈线性关系,反映了太阳辐射等因子对液流的驱动与对光合作用的激活效应,而在峰值后的下降阶段基本呈Sigmoidal-Hill函数关系;Fs随大气水分亏缺(VPD)的变化与随太阳辐射、ET0的变化趋势相反,表明VPD在达到一定值后启动气孔调节行为以及抑制过度蒸腾耗水的效应。3)柠条锦鸡儿根部Fs与主要环境要素间的变化近似同步,试验期间没有出现典型的时滞现象。4)在整个生长季的大部分时间内观测到柠条锦鸡儿根部夜间持续存在着液流现象,夜间液流量平均占全天液流量的3.83%。试验结果可例证热扩散技术在根部测定液流并用来计算灌木树种单株耗水方法的科学性与优越性。     

渭北旱塬核桃经济林径流林业技术应用研究

针对渭北旱塬地区干旱少雨的气候条件,布设试验样地,采取不同覆盖材料和集水整地措施,从土壤温度、含水量等方面分析其对核桃经济林造林的影响。结果表明,造林时采取一定的微型集水工程和覆盖措施,在集流节水、抑制蒸发和保蓄土壤水分等方面是有效的,薄膜、麦秸和杂草3种覆盖材料中,以薄膜覆盖集水效果最好,含水量达到21．74％,对0～20 cm土层增温效果明显,能够显著提高造林成活率,从而提高核桃经济林的产量和质量。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the CrDAT gene and selection of transgenic periwinkle lines with a high vincristine accumulation

Catharanthus roseus contains vincristine and vinblastine, which are outstanding drugs for cancer. In the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in C. roseus, deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT) is a key enzyme that catalyses the last reaction of vindoline biosynthesis to form vinblastine and vincristine. In this study, the CrDAT transgene was transferred into the periwinkle by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and generated transgenic periwinkle lines with an increase in vincristine accumulation. The C. roseus DAT gene was introduced into C. roseus plants and it was confirmed that CrDAT was successfully transferred into the genome of periwinkle plants and efficiently translated to synthesise recombinant DAT protein. Four transgenic periwinkle lines in T1 generation, T1-1, T1-3, T1-6, and T1-7, expressed recombinant DAT protein with the total protein content in the range of 2.86 μg.mg^?1 to 5.12 μg.mg^?1. Moreover, the vincristine contents of four transgenic lines increased by 1.63?2.48-fold compared to non-transgenic plants, ranging from 6.91 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight) to 10.53 µg.g^?1 (fresh weight). The T1-1 line had the highest vincristine content. Hence, the overexpression of the recombinant DAT protein can improve the vincristine accumulation of transgenic C. roseus plants.

Abbreviation: CrDAT - Catharanthus roseus Deacetylvindoline-4-O-Acetyl Transferase; D4H - Deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; ELISA - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Monoterpene indole alkaloid; T0, T1 - Generations of transgenic plants; TIAs - Terpenoid indole alkaloids; WT- The wild-type tobacco plants (non transgenic plant); 35S - Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter     

Whitened kernel surface: A fast and reliable method for assessing Fusarium severity on cereal grains by digital picture analysis

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. The applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets (265 samples). Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. This new scoring method facilitates fast and reliable assessment of the resistance to kernel infection and shows significant correlation with mycotoxin content. WKS can be automated and does not suffer from the “human factor” inherent to visual scorings. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings.