超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定番茄中多菌灵及其主要代谢物的残留

建立了同时测定番茄中多菌灵及其主要代谢物(2-氨基苯并咪唑和苯并咪唑)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。番茄样品用乙腈超声提取,经浓缩后用初始流动相稀释并定容,过0.22 μm滤膜后进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。采用多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,外标法定量。结果表明:在添加水平为0.05~5 mg/kg下,多菌灵及其主要代谢物的平均回收率为70.5％~104.9％,相对标准偏差为2.6％~9.5%。方法的检出限(LOD)为0.16~4.73 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.29~4.99 μg/kg。     

利用SOM聚类分析及主成分分析方法鉴定小麦品种萌发期耐盐性

为了研究不同小麦品种萌发期的耐盐性,为小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定提供快速、准确的鉴定方法和理论依据.本研究以40个冬小麦品种为试验材料,通过主成分分析法(PCA)与神经网络自组织映射(SOM)聚类分析法,研究盐胁迫对40个小麦品种萌发期各项形态指标的影响.主成分分析法结果表明,发芽势、发芽率、最长根长、第一片叶长及胚芽鞘长在...     

Host preference and influence of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

Three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties – ‘Dafeng’, ‘Beisite’, and ‘Baiyu’ – were used in this experiment to discover the least susceptible variety among them to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation. The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly based on two points of view. Initially, host preference and suitability of whitefly was investigated based on adult feeding, oviposition, and developmental time. Therefore, it was investigated based on growth responses of eggplant. The average developmental time was shortest for the cohort reared in ‘Dafeng’ (21.3 days), while the longest period (23.2 days) was recorded in ‘Baiyu’. In comparison with the control, less significant changes in the six growth parameters, viz. plant height (12.6%), leaf area (12.7%), dry matter (8.2%), absolute growth rate (26.0%), relative growth rate (25.0%), and net assimilation rate (22.2%) were found in ‘Baiyu’ infested by B. tabaci. Adult attraction and oviposition were reduced while developmental time was increased in ‘Baiyu’ compared with the other two varieties. In addition, the reduction percentages of all the six plant-growth parameters of ‘Baiyu’ were comparatively less than other two varieties to whitefly stress. Our research is focused on a shorter development time; higher feeding, oviposition, and the reduction percentage of plant growth indicate that a plant is a suitable host. In view of this, the present findings indicate that ‘Baiyu’ is less susceptible than the other two varieties, ‘Dafeng’ and ‘Beisite’, for whitefly infestation.     

Comparison of biological parameters between the invasive B biotype and a new defined Cv biotype of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Aleyradidae) in China

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a widely distributed and destructive agricultural pest on various host plants. The biology of two biotypes of B. tabaci: the invasive B and a new defined Cv biotype, on a range of host plants (hibiscus, laurel, poinsettia, collard, cucumber and tomato) were studied in the laboratory. Results revealed that the developmental periods of the B biotype immatures were not significantly different on the tested host plants except those between laurel and collard. The Cv biotype immatures developed significantly slower on cucumber and tomato than on the other plants. B. tabaci B biotype had the highest survivorship on collard (68.55%), and the lowest on laurel (33.24%), while the Cv biotype had the highest and lowest survivorships on laurel (61.63%) and tomato (36.74%). Host plants did not significantly affect the pre-ovipostion period regardless of biotype. The longest averaged longevity and highest fecundity of B biotype were both recorded on collard: 25.15 days and 143.0 eggs. The highest fecundity of Cv biotype was 196.49 eggs on laurel and its longest longevity was on hibiscus (19.62 days). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r _m) of B biotype on the three vegetables were all higher than those on the three ornamentals whereas the r _m of Cv biotype on the three ornamentals were all higher that those on the three vegetables. Our research indicates that B. tabaci B and Cv biotypes have different host plant suitabilities. The three tested vegetables were more suitable for B biotype while the three tested ornamental plants were more suitable for Cv biotype. The potential mechanism for the different suitability of B and Cv biotypes on various host plants is also discussed.     

稻草还田对红壤性水稻土肥力的影响

通过对稻草还田的长期（10年以上）定位试验研究表明,稻草还田后土壤有机质和有机无机复合体数量提高了,土壤主要物理性质与结构得到进一步改善,土壤速效钾、速效磷、有效磷、全氮含量也都有比较大的提高,土壤酶活性增强,生产力提高,水稻增产。稻草直接还田模式省工增效,目前生产上利用比较多,但也存在稻茬影响农民田间作业,腐解产生有机酸、微生物与秧苗争肥,传播病害等缺点,稻草堆沤还田可有效解决以上问题,但堆沤时要占场地,花工比较大,且这两种还田模式都没有充分利用稻草中的粗蛋白和生物质能,所以稻草利用应该向物质循环利用、能量多级转换模式转变。     

8种杀虫剂防治棉花棉铃虫田间药效

近年来,江苏省丰县棉花棉铃虫发生有逐年加重趋势。为更好地指导棉农科学防治棉铃虫,保障本县棉花高产优质生产,笔者实施了30％茚虫威WG等8种药剂防治棉铃虫田间药效试验,筛选出一批新型高效低毒低残留农药。结果表明：30％茚虫威WG、150g·L^-1茚虫威SC、375g·L^-1硫双威SC、55％毒·氯EC、125g·L^-1高效氟氯氰菊酯SC用于防治棉花棉铃虫均有较好的速效性和持效性,均优于对照药剂480g·L^-1毒死蜱EC,且对棉花安全,适宜大面积推广应用。     

8种杀螨剂对苹果树红蜘蛛田间防效评价

对8种不同作用机理杀螨剂防治苹果树红蜘蛛的效果进行了田间试验。结果表明：三唑锡、炔螨特、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、唑螨酯、螺螨酯、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯均是防治苹果树红蜘蛛的有效药剂,以螺螨酯的总体防效最好。     

菜园土壤氮磷钾硫养分状况的研究

试验对哈尔滨市７ 个重点蔬菜产区共 ５９ 个耕层土样进行分析有机质, 全氮、磷、钾、速效氮、磷、钾和有效硫的含量。结果表明： 菜园土壤有机质, 全氮、磷, 速效氮、磷和硫的含量高于相邻粮田。全钾和速效钾的含量与相邻粮田相比, 增加的幅度很小, 并有一半反而下降。粮田土壤的有效硫指数 （ Ｓ Ａ Ｉ） 大部分属于低级。菜田土壤的 Ｓ Ａ Ｉ大部分属于中级。     

老江河底栖动物变化动态及渔业利用

１９９１－１９９４年对老江河底栖动物进行了连续４ａ的季节采样,共获底栖动物３２各,其中寡毛类８种,水生昆虫１０种,软体动物１２种,其他２种,底栖动物年的均密度变动于２９７－３７３个／ｍ＾２,年龄生物量变动于８３．６１２－１８．２１７ｇ／ｍ＾２。对底栖动物的季节变动,多样性指数变化进行了分析,并对底栖动物的渔产潜力进行了估算。