Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

苗药红禾麻表型性状遗传多样性研究

为了分析红禾麻(Laportea bulbifera)表型性状遗传多样性特征,应用主成分分析与聚类分析对栽培红禾麻植株性状、产量、浸出物含量与总黄酮含量等22个表型性状多样性进行评价研究。结果表明:红禾麻个体间叶部遗传多样性指数最高的是叶长宽比(2.3759),最大展幅面积最低(1.9280);茎部一级分枝数遗传多样性指数最高(2.1046),单株主茎数最低(1.8801);药材产量和质量指标中,总黄酮含量的遗传多样性指数最高(2.0464),其次为浸出物含量(2.0287)、总生物量干重最低(1.8075)。主成分分析显示,前四主成分反映了22个性状的茎叶性状、叶片数、产量、浸出物含量和总黄酮含量等重要信息,累计贡献率达66.424%。聚类分析将红禾麻种质分为四大类群,第Ⅱ类群为质量选育的最优材料,第Ⅳ类群产量选育的理想材料。研究表明:红禾麻的表型性状多样性丰富。     

贵州省不同年代糯高粱品种（系）农艺性状演变分析

以贵州省不同年代酿酒用糯高粱品种（系）为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,对其农艺性状、产量构成以及抗性差异进行分析,结果表明：随着年代更替,贵州省酿酒用糯高粱单产逐步提高。新品种（红缨子、黔高8号）较老品系（黑壳糯、红壳糯）平均单产增幅25%以上;穗粒数、穗粒重增加显著,增幅分别为51.7%、62.7%;主穗一、二级枝梗数增加幅度分别为19.8%、62.7%;株高降低24.9%,茎粗增加9.5%;节间数增加0.9个,节间长缩短13.3cm;单株叶面积和叶面积指数增加显著;倒伏率、发病率下降显著,成穗率明显提升。各指标相关性分析显示,产量与穗粒数、穗粒重,穗粒数与主穗一、二级枝梗数呈极显著正相关;产量与株高、倒伏率极显著负相关,与茎粗正相关,相关系数分别为-0.981、-0.970和0.928,株高、茎粗与倒伏率相关显著,相关系数分别为0.964和-0.910;产量与叶面积指数正相关,与发病率显著负相关。总的结果表明,主穗一、二级枝梗数的增加提高了糯高粱的穗粒数,植株株高的降低、茎粗的增加促进了抗倒性的提升,抗病性的提升保证了后期叶片光合作用的持续进行,最终提高了糯高粱产量。     

An Electrospun Scaffold Loaded with an Enteromorpha Polysaccharide for Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

The design and development of innovative multifunctional wound dressing materials in engineered biomaterials is essential for promoting tissue repair. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressing materials loaded with anti-inflammatory ingredients were manufactured by a promising electrospinning strategy, and their capability for treating diabetic wounds was also investigated. A scaffold blend consisting of an Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PVA/EPP1 fiber. We found that PVA/EPP1 fiber accelerated the repair of a full-thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The results suggest that this scaffold could effectively shorten the wound healing time by inhibiting inflammatory activity, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds caused by diabetes.     

辽粳系列水稻品种产量形成及其生理的研究

用具有代表性的辽粳系列8个水稻品种,通过对不同品种产量及生理基础研究,总结出高产优质辽粳系列水稻品种株高105～115cm,穗长14～18cm,一次枝梗10～13个,二次枝梗15～22个,有效穗数285～330万穗/hm2,每穗粒数100～120粒,千粒重24～25g。提出进一步提高辽粳系列水稻品种产量的限制因素是成穗率、每穗粒数和成粒率;辽粳系列水稻新品种选育应具有适宜的叶面积指数,并注重对经济系数的选择。     

人文社会科学信息源的检索和利用

本文探讨了人文社会科学信息源及其构成,介绍了通常的检索方式,并以实例说明了相关信息源的选择原则和利用要求。     

加强农业科研档案管理 提高农业科研管理水平

文章从分析农业科研档案管理工作的重要作用入手,指出了目前我国农业科研院所在科研档案管理中存在的问题与不足,在借鉴国内外科研档案管理工作先进经验的基础上,提出了更新思想观念,提高科研档案管理意识;落实和完善科技档案规章制度,依法抓好档案管理工作;创新工作方式,提高工作效率;抓住项目重要节点,加强科研档案收集;加强人才培养,提高业务素质等对策。     

中草药验方对乏情母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选择由卵巢机能失调、子宫炎、阴道炎为主要原因引起的乏情母猪,通过中草药制剂和西药促性腺激素进行催情治疗的效果比较。证实了中草药验方对乏情母猪具有较好的提高繁殖性能的作用。     

对高职院校实施创业教育的理性思考

对高职院校创业教育的实施现状及存在问题进行了理性分析,认为高职院校创业教育的实施应从各个方面入手：即转变管理者观念,把创业教育当作一项全面、系统的工程来抓;优化课程结构,把创业教育真正纳入教育教学体系：构建有创业经历、专业化的师资队伍。     

无定河中游左岸监测区潜伏的土壤退化问题及其对策研究

本文在对无定河中游左岸监测区流域内农林业生产基地及主要农业作物进行详细调研后,选取不同地形结构(坡地、梯田和坝地)、不同措施配置(乔木林、灌木林)等10种农业用地的地类,进行土壤理化指标监测,并对监测结果进行横向和纵向两个层面分析,发现各种地类的各类指标均存在着不同水平的退化趋势,并针对问题提出了3项治理措施。