河北省花生区域试验各参试品系与对照品种农艺性状分析

利用河北省1998-2007年间春播花生区域试验资料,对各参试品系、对照品种的13个农艺性状的变化进行了分析,结果表明,参试品系间及参试品系与对照品种间的农艺性状均存在较大差异;参试品系的总分枝、结果枝、单株饱果数、单株结果数、单株产量、百果重、百仁重近年来不断增加;与对照品种相比,主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝、结果枝的平均值有所降低;单株饱果数、单株结果数、单株产量、百果重、百仁重在增加;在生育期、出米率上的差异不大。     

DNA指纹图谱技术及其在玉米遗传育种上的应用

DNA指纹技术所检测的是基因组DNA水平的差异,适合于品种资源、育种材料和杂种的鉴定工作。本文简要叙述了DNA指纹图谱技术的发展概况、特点,常用指纹图谱技术的原理及其优缺点,以及这些技术在玉米遗传育种中的应用。另外,对目前指纹技术存在的问题和发展前景进行了探讨。     

山羊CIDE家族基因克隆分析及互作蛋白预测鉴定

旨在获得CIDEB、CIDEC基因的CDS,检测该家族基因在山羊不同组织中的表达量,预测其互作蛋白,为进一步揭示CIDE家族基因在脂代谢中的调控网络提供参考.主要利用RT-PCR克隆获得山羊CIDEB、CIDEC基因序列并利用在线工具分析CIDE家族蛋白的生物学特性,并预测其互作蛋白.利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qP...     

毛白杨PtoMnSOD基因克隆及生物信息学分析

为了揭示毛白杨锰超氧化物歧化酶基因PtoMnSOD在植物抗逆中的功能。本研究通过RT-PCR方法获取毛白杨PtoMnSOD基因序列,并对该基因及其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:PtoMnSOD基因开放阅读框(ORF)为699 bp,编码232个氨基酸,具有PF00081和PF02777两个保守结构域,属于MnSOD亚家族。其编码的蛋白含有20个磷酸化位点,是无跨膜结构、无信号肽且定位于线粒体的不稳定亲水性蛋白。同源序列比对显示,不同物种的MnSOD氨基酸序列具有很强的保守性。研究结果为进一步开展毛白杨锰超氧化物歧化酶基因PtoMnSOD的功能研究奠定了理论基础。     

水稻根系特征与氮吸收利用效率关系的研究进展

植物根系是活跃的物质代谢和吸收器官,对植株生物量积累、养分和水分高效吸收利用具有重要作用。本文主要综述了水稻根系形态、解剖、生理特征与氮吸收利用效率的关系以及不同氮效率品种根系特征的差异,并综述了促进根系生长和提高氮吸收利用效率的栽培调控措施,展望了未来水稻根系的研究方向,为水稻氮肥减施、氮高效栽培管理技术优化和氮高效品种选育提供理论依据。     

Conferring resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in durum wheat by a QTL identified in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum spelta</Emphasis>

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant yield loss and degrade the end-use quality of wheat, especially in regions with prolonged wet weather during the harvesting season. Unfortunately, the gene pool of Triticum durum (tetraploid durum wheat) has narrow genetic base for PHS resistance. Therefore, finding out new genetic resources from other wheat species to develop PHS resistance in durum wheat is of importance. A major PHS resistance QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, was mapped on chromosome 3BL in a recombinant inbred line population derived from ‘CSCR6’ (Triticum spelta), a PHS resistant hexaploid wheat and ‘Lang’, a PHS susceptible Australian hexaploid wheat cultivar. This QTL, Qphs.sicau-3B.1, is positioned between DArT marker wPt-3107 and wPt-6785. Two SCAR markers (Ph3B.1 and Ph3B.2) were developed to track this major QTL and were used to assay a BC₂F₈ tetraploid population derived from a cross between the durum wheat ‘Bellaroi’ (PHS susceptible) and ‘CSCR6’ (PHS resistant). Phenotypic assay and marker-assisted selection revealed five stable tetraploid lines were highly PHS resistant. This study has successfully established that PHS-resistance QTL from hexaploid wheat could be efficiently introgressed into tetraploid durum wheat. This tetraploid wheat germplasm could be useful in developing PHS resistant durum cultivars with higher yield and good end-use quality.     

Heterosis and combining ability of seven maize germplasm populations

Understanding the combining ability and heterosis of available germplasm is a prerequisite for successful maize improvement and breeding. The objectives of this study were to analyze the combining ability and heterosis of seven representative maize germplasm populations, and further, to evaluate their potential utility in germplasm improvement. A total of 21 crosses were made among these seven populations in a complete diallel without reciprocals. The parental populations and 21 crosses were evaluated for days to silking (DS), ear height (EH), and grain yield (GY) in the Northeast and Yellow and Huai River maize growing areas in China in 2012. Csyn5, Csyn7, Cpop.11, and Cpop.12 had desirable general combining ability (GCA) effects for DS and EH in both the Northeast China mega-environment (NCM) and the Yellow and Huai River Regions of China mega-environment (YHCM). Cpop.11 possessed a favorable GCA effect for GY in the NCM, as did Csyn5, Cpop.17, and Cpop.18 in the YHCM. Csyn6 and Csyn7 exhibited tremendous yield-enhancing potential in both mega-environments. Additionally, six combinations including Csyn7 × Csyn6, Csyn5 × Csyn6, Cpop.11 × Cpop.18, Cpop.12 × Cpop.17, Csyn7 × Cpop.17, and Csyn5 × Csyn7 exhibited better specific combining ability effects for GY, yield performance, and mid-parent heterosis in the appropriate mega-environment. These results indicated that the seven populations would be very useful for the improvement of related agronomic traits, and the six candidate combinations possessed great potential for further improvement and utilization.     

考虑谷物呼吸的仓储粮堆热湿耦合传递研究

粮食作为生物性多孔介质,具有呼吸特性。一般粮食收获后,大部分时间在密闭不通风状态下存储。以粮堆内局部热湿耦合传递过程作为研究对象,分析了不通风状态下的圆筒形粮仓在自然对流条件下由于温度梯度影响而产生近似冬夏季工况的温度分布和水分转移,借助多物理场数值模拟软件(COMSOL)进行数值模拟,将粮食呼吸作用产热、产湿量以热源、湿源项考虑在数学模型中,通过对温度场、水分场的描述指导工程实践。     

不同滴灌定额对玉米光合性能及水分利用效率的影响

为了探索夏玉米滴灌条件下灌溉定额与灌溉周期,建立适宜的灌溉制度。以‘郑单958’为试验材料,采用地表滴灌,研究了不同生育时期、不同灌水定额对夏玉米生长发育、光合性能、产量及水分利用效率的影响。研究表明,玉米株高、穗位高、最大叶面积系数随灌溉量增加而增加;除灌溉量最小的模式(DI-5)外,各模式间穗位叶光合速率、蒸腾强度差异不显著;玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量（SPAD值）下降速度随灌溉量增加而降低;玉米穗行数、行粒数、千粒重随灌溉定额降低而下降显著。通过分析不同灌溉模式的产量、水分利用效率及经济效益,认为DI-2灌溉模式比较适宜。研究结果可为山西南部夏玉米节水高产栽培技术及滴灌制度提供参考。

     

拟南芥APETALA1基因在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能

为了阐明拟南芥花分生组织特征基因--APETALA1（AP1）基因在开花调控网络的中心位置,笔者重点综述了AP1在花发育中的网络调控及其生物学功能,探讨了花发育机制的研究重点。AP1既是花分生组织决定基因,也是花器官发育特征基因,处于成花调控网络的关键位置。AP1基因需要通过与其他调控基因的相互作用,决定花分生组织的形成、花芽的起始及花器官的发育。