岗更湖鲫的生长和生活史对策研究

2008年5～9月于岗更湖取得803尾鲫标本,研究了其生长及生活史类型.用鳞片鉴定年龄,鳞径(R)和体长(L)的关系为L=3.667R-1.737;用特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程、一般von Bertalanffy生长方程、Gompertz生长方程和灰色动态生长模型共4种生长模型拟合了岗更湖鲫的生长,根据各模型拟合残差平方和的大小判断,特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合效果最好;根据r-选择和k-选择的典型特征及7个生态学参数值,判断出岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择,应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)和渔业补充年龄(tc)对应的产量变化,同样证实岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择.作为渔业管理对策,岗更湖鲫的捕捞年龄应在3龄以上,捕捞强度不应超过2.0.     

人工诱导花鳗鲡的精巢发育成熟及其精子的生物学特性

用肌肉注射HCG的处理方式（剂量为500U/㎏•体重,每周注射1次,注射时间为6周）诱导雄性花鳗鲡性腺发育成熟,成熟率达80.0%。对人工催熟花鳗鲡精子的生物学特性研究结果表明：花鳗鲡精子头部长径为3.81±0.69µm,短径为1.24±0.15µm;尾部长度为24.83±3.05µm;精液pH为7.3~7.5,精子密度为1.02×1010尾/ mL。精子的适宜盐度为15~20,其中盐度为15时,精子激活比率最高,快速运动时间以及精子的寿命最长。精子的pH适宜范围为6.0~8.0,pH值过高或过低都会影响精子的活力与寿命。另外,4 种金属离子(Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+和K+)对花鳗鲡精子活力与寿命的影响趋势基本一致,金属离子浓度过高或过低都会抑制精子的活力、缩短快速运动时间和寿命。而MgCl2、CaCl2、KCl、NaCl溶液浓度为0.4~0.6g/mL时,精子活力最好,最高激活比率为3级（41.0%~60.0%）。     

Protective effect of bivalent anti-snake venom IgY administered intragastrically on mice with cobra or viper envenomation

AIM: The different effect of bivalent immunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) was evaluated against snake venom between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation. METHODS: The venom of naja and viper was injected alternately into the leghorn hen. Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted by water dilution. The concentration of bivalent IgY in plasma was observed in indirect ELISA assay after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY taken orally. The gastric emptying function test was used for determining optimization time after gastric administration of IgY. The protective effect of bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was compared between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation. RESULTS: Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted from eggs laid in 28-42 d after the first immunization. The titers of Bivalent IgY against cobra and viper venom were 1∶12 800 and 1∶6 400. At the time of 2.5-3.5 h after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was taken orally in three concentrations (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg·0.5 mL-1·20 g-1 BW), the gastric evacuation rate of mice was above 68.9%, with the plasma concentration of bivalent IgY in peak. The survival time of mice envenomation with snake venom was extremely prolonged (P<0.01), after IgY was taken by intragastric administration or intraperitoneal injection. While administration with the same dose of IgY, the survival rate of mice envenomation with cobra venom was higher than that of viper venom. The effective dose of intragastric administration was decuple higher than that of intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSION: The animal envenomation with cobra or viper venoms can be significantly protected by bivalent anti-snake venom IgY with intragastric administration or intraperitoneal injection.     

TDZ诱导中间锦鸡儿植株再生

以中间锦鸡儿种子无菌萌发得茎段为外植体,不同激素组合诱导丛生芽,得出最佳丛生芽诱导培养基为MS+TDZ 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L,芽诱导率达220%。诱导得到的丛生芽直接生根困难,需过渡培养。在培养基MS+BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L上过渡培养三代以上后转入生根培养基1/2MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L+糖30.0 g/L+琼脂9 g/L生根,长出的根粗壮,且须根数多,生根率在85%以上。生根培养后在草炭土∶珍珠岩=4∶1的基质上移栽成活率达到80%。     

氮磷钾不同浓度配施对加工番茄苗期生育及生长量的影响

利用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,经计算机软件分析,建立了氮、磷、钾与砂培加工番茄苗期生育及生长量的数学模型.结果表明:氮对生长量及叶面积指数的影响最大.在适宜范围内,随着施氮量的增加,生长量明显增加,叶面积指数、坐果率也增加.施氮过量则生长量减少.磷、钾肥对促进加工番茄生长具有间接作用,利于提高加工番茄生长量.但过量施用磷、钾肥也对生长不利.     

治理棉铃虫两项新技术的应用及示范效果

本文对所筛选的农药复配剂进行了外防治棉铃虫试验,结果表明,该剂对棉铃虫的防效比本地常规农药高２０％左右,维持６０％以上的残效可达１０ｄ以上,并具有良好的保蕾,保铃效果。文中还就缩节胺和磷酸二氢钾对棉铃虫及棉花生长发育的影响效应进行研究,证实了使用后能减少田内棉铃虫落卵量１０－４０％,有效保护期可达１０－２０ｄ,取食沾有以上两种物质叶片的幼虫存活率比对照下降１０－１９％,同时能使棉花叶色加深,株型紧     

玉米大斑病抗性基因SNP基因芯片分析

利用SNP基因芯片(56 110个SNP)对3对玉米大斑病Ht3近等基因系进行检测分析。借助生物信息学和比较基因组学方法,确定了29个相关数量抗性候选基因,均分布于2、3、7、9号染色体;14个候选基因与各类酶活性、能源合成、金属离子、DNA合成修饰、抗逆等功能相关。其中,GRMZM2G058197位于7号染色体bin7.04区域166087520-166091392,与玉米大斑病质量抗性基因Ht3基因位置相吻合。     

不同小麦品种(系)抗倒伏性状多样性分析

为了综合评价不同小麦材料的不同生育时期抗倒性,明确影响小麦倒伏的关键因素,以147份我国育成的主推小麦品种及新育成的小麦品种（系）为研究对象,在开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期测定其10个倒伏性相关性状,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析法对这些小麦材料抗倒性进行综合评价。结果表明,10个抗倒伏相关性状在不同基因型间、气候因素间及生育时期间均存在显著的变异;在不同生育时期,性状间的相关性基本一致,均表现为基部茎节壁厚度、实心度、茎秆强度对小麦的抗倒伏性具有一定的积极作用,株高、重心高度、基部茎节长度、髓腔直径具有一定的消极作用。主成分分析显示,茎秆强度是影响植株抗倒性的最关键性状。基于三个生育时期主成分的综合因子得分的聚类分析显示,有70份材料的综合抗倒性优良,其中部分新育成小麦材料抗倒性表现优异,可作为小麦强秆抗倒改良育种资源使用。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.     

芒果畸形病菌室内单剂及复配剂增效配比的筛选

通过菌落生长速率法对我国芒果新病害——芒果畸形病病菌层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行室内药剂筛选,以期为该病害的大田防治提供参考。结果表明:从9种单剂EC50和斜率综合来看,咪鲜胺锰盐(EC50为0.075μg/mL、斜率0.85)和多菌灵(EC50为0.3μg/mL、斜率3.69),应用潜力最大,其次是戊唑醇、丙环唑、氟硅唑、多.福.溴菌腈和甲基硫菌灵。29个复配组合中仅有3个配比组合表现出增效作用,其中丙环唑与多.福.溴菌腈以2∶3配比时增效最明显;其次是咪鲜胺锰盐与多.福.溴菌腈、多.福.溴菌腈与甲基硫菌灵分别以1∶4和2∶3的配比也表现出一定的增效作用。其余组合则表现相加或拮抗作用。