DNA barcoding of fish eggs collected off northwestern Cuba and across the Florida Straits demonstrates egg transport by mesoscale eddies

Identifying spawning sites for broadcast spawning fish species is a key element of delineating critical habitat for managing and regulating marine fisheries. Genetic barcoding has enabled accurate taxonomic identification of individual fish eggs, overcoming limitations of morphological classification techniques. In this study, planktonic fish eggs were collected at 23 stations along the northwestern coast of Cuba and across the Florida Straits to United States waters. A total of 564 fish eggs were successfully identified to 89 taxa within 30 families, with the majority of taxa resolved to species. We provide new spawning information for Luvarus imperialis (Louvar), Bothus lunatus (Plate Fish), Eumegistus illustris (Brilliant Pomfret), and many economically important species. Data from most sites supported previously established patterns of eggs from neritic fish species being found on continental shelves and oceanic species spawning over deeper waters. However, some sites deviated from this pattern, with eggs from reef‐associated fish species detected in the deep waters of the Florida Straits and pelagic species detected in the shallow, continental shelf waters off the coast of northwestern Cuba. Further investigation using satellite imagery revealed the presence of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy that likely entrained neritic fish eggs and transported them into the Florida Straits. The technique of combining DNA‐based fish egg identification with remotely‐sensed hydrodynamics provides an important new tool for assessing the interplay of regional oceanography with fish spawning strategies.     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus spp. isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) cultured in river-based cage and earthen ponds in Northern Thailand

Streptococcus spp. are major pathogenic bacteria associated with massive mortality in tilapia. This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) isolated from tilapia in river-based floating cage and earthen pond farms in northern Thailand. Isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular analyses. Capsular typing, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were performed to investigate the genetic relatedness. Six and one isolates were confirmed as GBS and S. iniae, respectively. All Streptococcus spp. isolates were obtained from 4 river-based cage farms (4/33), while samples collected from earthen pond farms (N = 28) were negative for streptococcosis. All GBS with serotype Ⅲ and sequence type (ST) 283 was observed. The β-haemolytic GBS isolates were resistant to five antimicrobials, while the S. iniae was susceptible to all antimicrobials. This study indicates both GBS and S. iniae are the major bacterial pathogens responsible for streptococcosis infection in farmed tilapia of northern Thailand with GBS as dominant species. This survey highlights that the river-based cage farms seriously impact on the healthy development of the tilapia industry.     

饲料中添加激素类等药剂促进僵鳗生长及复壮的研究

在工厂化、高密度、全人工控制的养鳗条件下,使用雌二醇、牛肝糜维生素、甲基睾丸素、强的松等药剂,可以显著地促进僵鳗的生长和复壮,在生产中可以取得较好的经济效益。同时,本试验对于露天止水式和水库网箱养鳗也有普遍的意义。     

真鲷窒息点与耗氧率的初步测定

真鲷(Pagrosomus major T and S)是广东及其他各省市沿海海水网箱养殖的主要鱼类之一。随着真鲷人工繁殖和苗种培育的成功,真鲷养殖业将会有一个更大的发展。夫于鱼类的窒息点与耗氧率的研究早有不少,但是对真鲷除个别学者提及其窒息点外,真正对其窒息点与耗氧率的系统研究尚未见到。为了绘其鲷的人工繁殖、苗种培育、运输和成鱼养殖提供呼吸生理方面的理论依据,笔者于1990年春对真鲷的窒息点和耗氧率进行了初步测定,就不同规格大小的苗种及备种外界条件与窒息点和耗氧率之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

中国湖泊、水库水产增养殖技术的进展

中国湖泊可养面积187万公顷,水库可养面积200万公顷,总共占全国内陆可养水面的70％以上。这些水面既是我国渔业在本世纪末年产量达到1800万吨宏伟目标的潜力与后劲之所在,也是“八·五”期间本行业科技攻关的重点。 湖库资源特点与水产增养殖发展概要 (一)湖库资源特点 湖泊可养面积90％相对集中于平原地区,而水库总数的89.4％分布在长江、珠江和黄河三大流域的丘陵地区,具有良好的分布格局。湖泊面积在50平方公里以下的占总数的98％以上,水库中中小型的占99.6％,另有塘坝63万座,中小型水面有利于采取各种集约化措施。     

加快现代植保技术体系建设的对策研究

植保技术体系呈现出病虫害预测预报能力明显提高,防控技术体系日臻完善,农药与药械应用技术稳步发展,植物检疫监管技术基础更加牢固的现状;承载着为领导部门和农民提供病虫灾害防控信息、病虫害科学防控技术指导、农药与药械科学使用监管、依法开展植物疫情管控的重大任务。发展现代植保技术体系,要突出病虫害测报公益性,着力病虫害防控的防灾性,确保农药与药械应用的安全性,关切植物疫情蔓延的毁灭性。建设现代植保技术体系的对策措施是：强化病虫害测报体系与信息网络建设,提升测报技术水平;加强病虫害防控技术支撑与推广能力建设,创新推广模式,大力推进绿色防控;推进农药与药械产品应用技术研发推广和专业化统防统治;加大植物检疫技术研发和执法监管力度。     

非线性功放扩大主动磁悬浮系统动态范围研究

为了克服电磁铁芯材料的非线性对主动磁悬浮控制系统的影响,提出一种非线性功率放大的新方法,通过这种特殊的放大器将带有铁芯的差动电磁铁负载系统转换成一个线性系统,对主动磁悬浮的控制器而言,其控制对象就变成了一个线性控制系统,这有利于系统控制量的实时计算。实验结果表明,非线性功放的应用扩大了控制器的动态范围,提高了主动磁悬浮控制系统的稳定性。     

超高压技术在五味子饮料加工中的应用

为避免五味子饮料生产工艺中热对营养成分的破坏,促进超高压技术在饮料行业中的应用,该文提出应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料的新工艺,即原料有效成分的提取和饮料灭菌均采用超高压技术。应用均匀设计方法求得最优提取工艺,并在此基础上提出改进的实用工艺参数：压力为350 MPa、溶剂为60%乙醇、固液比为1∶50(w/v)。饮料超高压灭菌条件：压力为400 MPa、保压时间为5 min。超高压提取五味子总木脂素的得率为2.99%;经超高压灭菌的饮料符合GB2759-81规定。应用超高压技术制备五味子饮料不仅确保了质量,同时还提高了生产效率,减少了设备投资。     

黄海北部中国对虾合理放流数量的讨论

在黄海北部放流虾的渔获量(y 百万尾)与放流数量(x 亿尾)之间有着统计学上可置信的关系,α=0.05,用 y=ax+bx~2描述,a=14.63,=0.45。最大放流量为16亿尾,最佳经济放流量为15亿尾(计数误差20%)。在目前条件下,我们认为控制放流量在11亿尾(计数准确率90%)是合理的。预测了前景,提出了可供选择的方案。