对一起饲料产品检验不合格案的思考

在饲料执法抽检中,云南省德宏州动物卫生监督所发现某店经营的饲料产品成份与标签标示不一致,由此开展立案调查,并依法进行惩处。通过剖析案件,认为该类监督执法案件要注重采样符合程序,样品检测机构资质健全且检验报告合法,保护当事人的合法权益。同时也建议饲料经营户要合规经营,明确合同保障,积极配合监管等。     

试论我国“注水肉”监管技术体系建设

"注水肉"监管存在判定标准单一的问题,亟须建立畜禽肉监管技术体系。本文借鉴发达国家"消费理念引导"和"市场行为约束"理念,提出以"正常为主"为判定原则,从畜禽宰前管理、屠宰及市场监管多环节入手,通过畜禽行为学、组织形态学、正常肉敏感指标范围、近红外等特征图谱,以及畜禽肉水分限量等指标,提出了构建"注水肉"监管技术体系的新思路。     

犊牛魏氏梭菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

2017年1月,山东省某规模化奶牛场10～20日龄犊牛出现腹泻、拉血便、呼吸困难等症状,部分犊牛突然死亡。通过流行病学调查和尸体剖检,初步怀疑为魏氏梭菌感染。采集病料进行病理组织学检查、细菌分离鉴定、生化试验、16S及毒素基因检测等,证明疫情由A型魏氏梭菌所致。对死亡犊牛的肠内容物及分离菌株进行致病性研究,发现肠内容物及分离菌株具有较强的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对青霉素、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等表现极敏感。根据病原确诊情况及药敏试验结果,指导临床用药,及时控制了牛场疫情。     

一起销售劣兽药案的查处与思考

云南省德宏州动物卫生监督所通过抽检发现,辖区内某兽药经营服务部涉嫌销售劣兽药。经该县农业局立案调查,认定当事人违法事实清楚,证据充分,根据《兽药管理条例》规定,依法给予了行政处罚。本文重点介绍了案件来源、调查过程、处理情况等执法内容。分析了案件定性、执法主体适格、自由裁量权应用、保护当事人合法权益等问题,以期为同类案件查处提供参考。     

欧盟国家非洲猪瘟流行情况及对我国防控工作的启示

非洲猪瘟(ASF)1957年首次扩散到欧洲,2014年再次从高加索地区传入,并迅速在波罗的海周边国家蔓延,至2018年4月已扩散至欧盟8个成员国,且逐渐呈现地方性流行态势。本文重点介绍了欧洲国家的ASF扩散史,综述了病毒在欧盟国家扩散的主要途径,梳理了欧盟的ASF防控法规和措施,并对我国ASF防控提出了建议,以期为ASF防控提供帮助。     

慈竹生长过程纤维素、木质素及灰分动态积累

以当年生不同生长高度的慈竹为研究对象,探讨慈竹生长过程中纤维素、木质素和灰分含量的积累规律。结果表明:慈竹不同生长高度纤维素含量顶、中部变化趋势均以对数方式增长;基部纤维素含量和茎秆纤维素总含量变化趋势都呈"S型"曲线;各部位木质素含量变化趋势总体呈倒"S型"曲线,且不同高度间的木质素含量的差异达显著水平;随着生长高度的增高,茎秆顶部、基部灰分含量以及茎秆灰分总含量总体呈倒"S型"曲线变化,中部灰分含量总体呈"S型"曲线变化。纤维素总含量、木质素总含量的积累分别集中在茎秆高度为150~800、30~800 cm这个生长时期;灰分总量在300~800 cm保持较高的水平。     

Identification of organic acid-related genes and their expression profiles in two pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars with difference in predominant acid type at fruit ripening stage

‘Yandangxueli’ is a pear cultivar with predominant citric acid in the ripe fruit, different from most of pear cultivars such as ‘Gengtouqing’ in which malic acid is the predominant acid type. It was found that ‘Yandangxueli’ accumulated citric acid for three times against that in ‘Gengtouqing’ at fruit ripening stage. To investigate the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in ‘Yandangxueli’, organic acids content, gene expression and enzyme activity were studied in both cultivars. Five genes, Pp:mtCs, Pp:cyAco, Pp:cyIdh, Pp:mtMdh and Pp:cyMe which encoded citric synthase (CS), cytosolic aconitase (cyACO), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) respectively, were identified from pear fruit. Their expression profiles and the corresponding enzyme activities were determined throughout fruit development in both cultivars. Results from these enzymes indicated that there were no strict relationship between gene expression, enzyme activity and citric acid accumulation. Expression analysis for two Py:vVAtp genes encoding vacuolar H⁺-ATPase A subunit and one Py:vVpp gene encoding Vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase showed that they were all with up-regulated expression at the later development stage of ‘Yandangxueli’ but with down-regulated expression in ‘Gengtouqing’. Therefore, it is concluded that the different ability in citric acid transportation and storage might be involved in the high citric acid content in ‘Yandangxueli’.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

果园间伐对梨叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在15年生梨树高光效开心树形果园进行了间伐试验,测定并比较了间伐与未间伐果园梨树树体东、西侧叶片的叶绿素荧光参数,通过PSII的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII的实际光合量子产量(Y(II))、调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NPQ))以及非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NO))对光合有效辐射(PAR)的响应曲线,并得出PAR-ETR响应曲线的拟合参数。结果表明,与未间伐果园相比,成龄梨园间伐后梨树树体东、西侧叶片的ETR(最高可稳定至130μmol/(m2·s)左右)和Y(II)(最高可稳定至0.3左右)较高,Y(NPQ)较低(最低稳定在0.2左右),Y(NO)保持在一定范围内(0.5~0.7),且具有较高的最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)(最高可达152.4μmol/(m2·s)左右)、最小饱和光强(Ik)(最高可达510.3μmol/(m2·s)),表明间伐能够提高果园梨树叶片的光能利用效率。     

绿原酸提取物的抗氧化活性协同增效作用

以蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸提取物为试材,采用FRAP亚铁离子还原能力为考察指标,研究了蒲公英和葵花籽粕来源的绿原酸提取物对抗氧化活性的影响因素,以抗氧化活性的半抑制浓度IC50为复配依据,评价蒲公英绿原酸与葵花籽粕复配品的抗氧化协同增效作用,以期为开发绿色高效的天然抗氧化剂提供参考依据.结果表明:反应体系在pH为4.0、37℃条件下,蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸对FRAP亚铁离子还原能力达到最高,分别为1.11、1.09.蒲公英绿原酸可提高葵花籽粕复配品对FRAP亚铁离子的还原能力,具有抗氧化协同增效作用.